Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HP Exam 2 > Camelids > Flashcards

Camelids Flashcards

1
Q

What are some physical ways you can tell the difference between a llama and an alpaca?

A

llamas are taller and weigh more (90-158 kg), have a straight topline, have highset tail, and a course outer fleece with soft undercoat. they have longer curved ears

alpacas are shorter and smaller (45-68 kg), have a convex topline, lowset tail, and short pointy ears.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the biggest physical difference between the dromedary camel and the bactrian camel?

A

dromedary – one hump
bactrian – 2 humps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a female llama or alpaca called? male?

A

female - hembra
male - macho, gelding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do we call female and male camels?

A

female - cow
male - bull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are potential uses for camelids?

A
  1. show
  2. fiber
  3. breeding
  4. guard animals
  5. packing
  6. meat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: alpacas are better guard animals than llamas

A

false – llamas are better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: camelids are herd animals and get stressed if they are without a companion

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is unique about the nutrition requirements of alpacas and llamas?

A

they can survive on pasture only and they are more efficient converters of forage than other ruminants are.
Grass hay can be sufficient for maintenance diet +/- suppl with concentrate (careful of obesity) and a mineral supplement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the behavior of alpacas and llamas?

A

rarely bite or kick
gentle and do not spook easily
social
do NOT like to be touched (esp head and legs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do alpacas and llamas react to restraint?

A

they will “cush” which means to lay down. They can also scream, jump, run, spit, and kick.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should you consider/remember when putting a halter on an alpacas or llamas face?

A

you should be careful not to cut their air supply off. their nasal bone ends fairly close to their eyes, so if the halter slips down the nose, it could cut off air supply.
They are not obligate nasal breathers (like horses), but still!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the device called used to restrain alpacas and llamas for physical exams?
If you dont have it, how would you do manual physical restraint?

A

stock

if none – grasp head under neck and pull them close into your body. be sure not to grasp fiber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is shearing for alpacas and llamas performed and why is it performed?

A

once a year in the spring to prevent heat stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the lifespan of alpacas and llamas?

A

alpaca - 10-15 years
llamas - 15-20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is alpacas and llamas weight hard to estimate?

A

they have so much fiber!!
You must put your hands on them physically to assess body condition. Normal/Ideal BCS is a 45 degree angle from the dorsal spinous processes to the epaxial muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much should alpacas and llamas weigh?

A

alpaca - 100-175 lb
llama - 200-350 lb

crias: 13-19 lbs at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: alpacas and llamas have cheek teeth that develop very sharp points that need to be routinely filed down similar to those in horses.

A

false – this is normal for alpacas and llamas. they do not require filing.
it can be assoc with dropping feed or weight loss, but only sometimes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do we handle “fighting teeth” in male alpacas and llamas?

A

we trim them off completely at castration or shearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the result of malocclusion problems in alpacas and llamas?

A

incisors wont meet the upper dental pad and therefore will not have any growth restriction. they will continue to grow and cause the animal to have trouble eating.

these should be reduced 1/2-1 cm at a time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe the feet of alpacas and llamas

A

the foot has 2 digits (toes) with a pad and 2 nails

they walk on P2 and P3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F: alpacas and llamas have nails that require trimming. if left untrimmed, will cause foot soreness and walking problems.

A

true

22
Q

What are 2 sites alpacas and llamas commonly get GI obstructions?

A
  1. where the duodenum connects to the pylorus
  2. spiral colon
23
Q

How many chambers is alpacas and llamas stomach?

A

3 - C1, C2, and C3

all compartments have sacculations where fermentation occurs.

24
Q

T/F: alpacas and llamas 3-chambered stomach can experience conditions similar to displaced abomasum in cattle

A

false – they cannot have displacements because all of the compartments are attached to each other.

25
Q

Camelids are very stoic animals and it is hard to tell when they are ill. What 2 signs indicate that a camelid is unwell?

A
  1. off feed
  2. spend more time in recumbency than normal
26
Q

T/F: we use FAMACHA scoring to identify which camelids are experiencing parasite issues.

A

true

27
Q

Which injection is best for camelids?

A

SQ because the are not heavily muscled animals.

If you do choose to do IM, the semimem and semitend muscles are best.

28
Q

Why is venipuncture a challenge in camelids?

A

their jugular anatomy is different, their skin is VERY thick in the upper cervical region (making palpation of the vein nearly impossible), and their fiber is very thick.
You should do venipuncture on the right side to avoid the esophagus

29
Q

Describe the normal characteristics of the camelid erythrocytes, which are adapted for high altitudes.

A

elliptical, flat, and small
with hemoglobin crystals (darker pink things)
they have lower PCV and higher RBC numbers than other species

30
Q

This blood parasite appears as a small dark red/purple dot on the inner edge of camelid RBCs. It can cause mild, moderate, or severe anemia, but most cases are subclinical because healthy animals mount an appropriate immune response. If you are attempting to diagnose this parasite, slides must be made quickly, or else the organism will detach from RBCs. Treatment does NOT clear this organism.

A

mycoplasma haemolamae

31
Q

You do blood work on an alpaca and the WBC count comes back as 20,000/uL, should you be worried infection is occurring?

A

No – camelids have higher WBC counts than other species do. Their normal is 8-22,000

32
Q

What are some things camelid herd health is influenced by? just to get you thinking (:

A
  1. owner background
  2. number of animals
  3. purpose of the animals
  4. geographic location
  5. economics
  6. background and species orientation of the vet
33
Q

T/F: a lot of camelid owners take nutritional considerations into their own hands, however, it is still impt for the vet to have a general understanding of forage analysis, local deficiency and toxicity concerns, determine if supplementation is needed, advice for proper storage of feed, ensure all members of herd have equal access to feed and water, and do routine BCSing.

A

true

34
Q

What parasites are the biggest issue in camelids? (3)

A
  1. trichostrongyles
  2. nematodirus
  3. haemonchus**
35
Q

What is a unique behavior of camelids in regard to depositing feces and why is this impt for parasites?
(weird q sorry but where do they poop basically)

A

feces are deposited in a communal dung pile
means that parasites arent spread all over the place!

36
Q

Camelids serve as a aberrant host for this parasite.
Snails and slugs are intermediate hosts and white tail deer are the definitive hosts. This parasite causes spinal cord disease and thus owners frequently deworm their animals using ivermectin (every 45-60d).

A

parelaphostrongylus tenuis
(meningeal worm)

37
Q

This camelid parasite causes blood loss as larvae in C3. Camelids will present “off feed” and have a very low PCV (<8%). FAMACHA scoring and fecal floats are used to diagnose this parasite.
Resistance against treatment is a huge problem for this parasite.

A

haemonchus contortus

38
Q

This is a large coccidia that causes weight loss, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia in camelids. In order to diagnose this parasite, you need to use a high SG fecal float. You must use ponazuril to treat these patients because they are resistant to sulfas and amprolium.

A

eimeria macusaneinsis

39
Q

T/F: there are 2 vaccines labeled for use in camelids – clostridium perfringens type C and D and clostridium tetani

A

false – ALL are OFF LABEL and the protocols vary widely.

40
Q

When are rabies vaccines given to camelids and how often?

A

start at 3-4 months old and give annually

41
Q

What is considered a “core” vaccine for camelids?

A

Clostridium perfringens type C and D
Clostridium tetani

42
Q

When should you castrate a camelid?
what happens if you do it too early?

A

delay to at LEAST 18 months to alow for long bone growth to plateau (18-24m) and physeal closure (infl. by testosterone)

if too early – prolonged bone growth –> hyperextension, osteoarthritis

43
Q

What is the technique used to castrate a camelid?

A

canine technique (scrotal or prescrotal)

44
Q

T/F: camelids are induced ovulators and can breed year round

A

true

45
Q

T/F: camelid breeding takes 30 seconds

A

false – on avg 20 min (5-50 min)

46
Q

Describe the time frames for the parturition stages:
Stage 1 –
Stage 2 –
Stage 3 –

A

Stage 1 – 1-6 hr
Stage 2 – 60-90 min
Stage 3 – within 6 hr

47
Q

When do you expect crias to stand and nurse post birth?

A

stand within 1 hr, nurse within 2 hours of standing

48
Q

Why are camelids prone to dystocias?

A

long necks and limbs! easy to get stuck

49
Q

T/F: female camelids are very interested in their offspring, so its best to leave them alone post birth and let the mom take care of everything.

A

true

50
Q

how many teats does the female camelid have?

A

4
and the crias will suckle from each teat for a few seconds

HP Exam 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions