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ıelts > cambridge book 9 test 2 > Flashcards

cambridge book 9 test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

impair(verb)

A

:to damage something or make it not as good as it should be
*The illness had impaired his ability to think and concentrate.
+thesaurus at harm
impaired=damaged, less strong, or not as good as before
impairment= mental/visual/cognitive/hearing etc impairment=bozukluk, zayıflık

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2
Q

detrimental (adj)

A 
\:causing harm or damage 
SYN harmful, damaging
**detrimental to
*Smoking is detrimental to your health.
*he detrimental effect of pollution on the environment
detrimentally adverb
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3
Q

over two decades

A

yirmi yıldan fazla

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4
Q

ventile(verb)

A

: to let fresh air into a room, building etc
**well-ventilated/poorly ventilated etc
to pump air into and out of someone’s lungs, using a special machine
ventilation (noun) **a ventilation system

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5
Q

heighten(verb)

A

:if something heightens a feeling, effect etc, or if a feeling etc heightens, it becomes stronger or increases
SYN intensify, → strengthen
*Increased levels of fat in the diet could heighten the risk of cancer.
**heighten (somebody’s) awareness (of something)
*The case has heightened public awareness of the problem of sexual harassment.

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6
Q

exacerbate(verb)

A

:to make a bad situation worse
*I don’t want to exacerbate the situation.=
Durumu daha da kötüleştirmek istemiyorum.
exacerbation (noun)

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7
Q

reverberation(noun)

A

:a severe effect that is caused by a particular event and continues for a long time
SYN repercussion
=yansıma
*the scandal’s political reverberations
:a loud sound that is heard again and again as it is sent back from different surfaces → echo

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8
Q

discrepancies(noun)

A

:a difference between two amounts, details, reports etc that should be the same
**discrepancy in
*Police found discrepancies in the two men’s reports.
=tutarsızlıklar

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9
Q

interlinking problems

A

=birbirine bağlanan sorunlar

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10
Q

sensory stimuli

A

=duyusal uyaranlar

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11
Q

quantify(verb)

A

:to calculate the value of something and express it as a number or an amount
*an attempt to quantify the region’s social and economic decline
**difficult/impossible to quantify
quantifiable adjective

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12
Q

intrusive(adj)

A

affecting someone’s private life or interrupting them in an unwanted and annoying way
*they found the television cameras too intrusive.

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13
Q

adverse(adj)

A

: not good or favourable
*They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.
adversely (adverb)
*developments which had adversely affected their business

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14
Q

screen out

A

: to prevent something harmful from passing through SYN filter out
*Sun lotions screen out damaging ultraviolet light.
:to remove people or things that are not acceptable or not suitable
*An answering service can screen out nuisance calls.

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15
Q

penetrate(verb)

A

:to enter something and pass or spread through it, especially when this is difficult

  • Sunlight barely penetrated the dirty windows.
  • *penetrate into
  • Explorers penetrated deep into unknown regions.
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16
Q

obtain

A

to get something that you want, especially through your own effort, skill, or work
SYN get
**obtain something from somebody/something
You will need to obtain permission from the principal.
**obtain something through something
*the results obtained through these surveys

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17
Q

embark(verb)

A

to go onto a ship or a plane, or to put or take something onto a ship or plane
OPP disembark
=atılmak,girişmek
embarkation(noun)
**embark on/upon something
to start something, especially something new, difficult, or exciting
*He embarked on a new career as a teacher.
=başlamak

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18
Q

imperative(adj)

A

extremely important and needing to be done or dealt with immediately
*It is imperative that politicians should be good communicators.
**it is imperative (for somebody) to do something
*It is imperative to meet face to face with the client.
imperatively (adverb)

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19
Q

promulgate(verb)

A

=yayınlamak
to spread an idea or belief to as many people as possible
to make a new law come into effect by announcing it officially
promulgator (noun)
promulgation(noun)
*Some of these are defined in the regulations promulgated for the administration of the Wholesome Meat Act.=Bunlardan bazıları Sağlıklı Et Kanununun idaresi için yayımlanan yönetmeliklerde tanımlanmıştır.

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20
Q

initiative(noun)

A

the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do
*Don’t keep asking me for advice. Use your initiative.
=girişkenlik
**initiative for
* a new initiative for peace in the Middle East

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21
Q

inch(verb)

A

to move very slowly in a particular direction, or to make something do this
* I inched forward along the ground.

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22
Q

occasion(noun)

A

:a time when something happens
**on … occasions
* I’ve seen Jana with them on several occasions.
:a suitable or favourable time
**occasion for
* This was the occasion for expressions of friendship by the two presidents.
: an important social event or ceremony
* I’m saving this bottle of champagne for a special occasion.

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23
Q

schoolmistresses

A

:a female teacher, especially in a private school

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24
Q

observation

A

the process of watching something or someone carefully for a period of time

  • *observation of
  • He spent two nights under close observation in hospital.=Hastanede yakın gözlem altında iki gece geçirdi.
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25
Q

polymath(noun)

A

someone who has a lot of knowledge about many different subjects
=bilge

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26
Q

innermost(adj)

A

:your innermost feelings, desires etc are your most personal and secret ones
* a man who would never share his innermost thoughts with anyone

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27
Q

desolate(adj)

A

:a place that is desolate is empty and looks sad because there are no people there
*a desolate landscape
=ıssız

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28
Q

latitude(noun)

A

:the distance north or south of the equator (=the imaginary line around the middle of the world), measured in degrees → longitude
=enlem
: freedom to choose what you do or say
=serbestlik
**considerable/greater latitude
*upils enjoy considerable latitude in deciding what they want to study.
**latitude in/for
* Employees should have some latitude in organizing their work.
latitudinal (adj)

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29
Q

govern(verb)

A

to officially and legally control a country and make all the decisions about taxes, laws, public services etc SYN rule
*The party had been governing for seven months.
=hükmetmek

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30
Q

in pairs

A

in groups of two

*We worked in pairs for the role-play exercise.

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31
Q

pin down

A

**pin somebody/something ↔ down
:to make someone give clear details or make a definite decision about something
* Did you manage to pin him down to a definite date?=Onu kesin bir tarihe bağlamayı başardınız mı?
* He’s impossible to pin down.

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32
Q

expeditions(noun)

A

a long and carefully organized journey, especially to a dangerous or unfamiliar place, or the people that make this journey
*another Everest expedition
**on an expedition
*He went on an expedition to Borneo
: a short journey, usually made for a particular purpose SYN trip

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33
Q

besiege(verb)

A

to surround a city or castle with military force until the people inside let you take control → siege
In April 655, Osman’s palace was besieged by rebels.
► see thesaurus at attack
=kuşatmak

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34
Q

thwart(verb)

A

:to prevent someone from doing what they are trying to do
* Fierce opposition thwarted the government’s plans.
=engellemek

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35
Q

flee(verb)

A

:to leave somewhere very quickly, in order to escape from danger

  • His attackers turned and fled.
  • *flee to/from/into
  • Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War II.
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36
Q

pitch

A

**pitch into somebody/something
: to suddenly start criticizing someone or hitting them
* She pitched into me as soon as I started to speak.

37
Q

ruled out

A

rule something/somebody ↔ out
:to decide that something is not possible or suitable
* The police have ruled out suicide.
=bir şeyi / birini yönetmek

38
Q

undaunted(adj)

A

:not afraid of continuing to try to do something in spite of difficulties or danger
SYN undeterred
**undaunted by
* Undaunted by the enormity of the task, they began rebuilding the village.
=korkusuz

39
Q

disprited(adj)

A

:someone who is dispirited does not feel as hopeful, eager, or interested in something as they were in the past
SYN: discouraged
*At last, dispirited and weary, they gave up the search.
dispiritedly (adverb)

40
Q

precise(adj)

A

precise information, details etc are exact, clear, and correct
SYN exact
*It was difficult to get precise information.

41
Q

dogged(adj)

A 
dogged behaviour shows that you are very determined to continue doing something
a dogged determination to succeed
► see thesaurus at determined
doggedly (adverb)
doggedness (noun)
=inatçı
42
Q

smear(noun)

A 
\: a dirty mark made by a small amount of something spread across a surface
**smear of
*a smear of paint
* It left a black smear on his arm.
=lekeleme
smeary (adjective)
43
Q

diffract(verb)

A

:to bend light or sound waves as they pass around something or through a hole
diffraction(noun)
=kırmak

44
Q

layer(noun)

A

:an amount or piece of a material or substance that covers a surface or that is between two other things
**layer of
*The moon was shining through a thin layer of cloud.
**in layers
* Arrange the peppers, garlic and tomatoes in layers.
=tabaka

45
Q

refract(verb)

A

:if glass or water refracts light, the light changes direction when it passes through the glass or water
refraction (noun)
*More light is refracted below the surface, and algae, especially diatoms. rapidly become plentiful.

46
Q

supersede(verb)

A

:if a new idea, product, or method supersedes another one, it becomes used instead because it is more modern or effective
SYN: replace
*Their map has since been superseded by photographic atlases.
=yerini almak

47
Q

rod

A 
\:a long thin pole or bar
**steel/iron/wooden etc rod
* The walls are reinforced with steel rods.
* a measuring rod
=çubuk
48
Q

spectacle(noun)

A

: a very impressive show or scene
=gösteri
* a multimedia dance and opera spectacle
:an unusual or interesting thing or situation that you see or notice – used especially in order to show disapproval
* The trial was turned into a public spectacle.
**spectacle of
*the spectacle of drunken young men on the streets
► see thesaurus at sight

49
Q

pave(verb)

A

: to cover a path, road, area etc with a hard level surface such as blocks of stone or concrete
=döşemek
**be paved with something
*The city centre streets are paved with dark local stone.

50
Q

principle has been applied

A

ilke uygulandı

51
Q

distort(verb)

A

:to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear
=bozmak
*Tall buildings can distort radio signals.
:to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct
=çarpıtmak
* His account was badly distorted by the press
:to change a situation from the way it would naturally be
* an expensive subsidy which distorts the market
distorted (adjective)
* His face was distorted in anger.
distortion(noun)

52
Q

trace

A

=iz sürmek

  • She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.
  • *trace something (back) to something
53
Q

iconoclastic(adj)

A

:iconoclastic ideas, opinions, writings etc attack established beliefs and customs
* Wolfe’s theories were revolutionary and iconoclastic.
iconoclasm(noun)

54
Q

implied(adj)

A

not stated openly, but understood to exist or to be true

55
Q

precisely

A

exactly and correctly SYN exactly

56
Q

circuit(noun)

A

:a path that forms a circle around an area, or a journey along this path
*We did a circuit of the old city.=tur

57
Q

naysayer

A

someone who says something is not possible, is not good, or will fail

58
Q

march(verb)

A

: if soldiers or other people march somewhere, they walk there quickly with firm regular steps
march across/along/past etc
:if a large group of people march somewhere, they walk there together to express their ideas or protest about something
*An estimated 5,000 people marched through the city to demonstrate against the factory closures.

59
Q

fixed

A

:firmly fastened to a particular position
fixed to/in/on
* a mirror fixed to the bathroom wall

60
Q

evolved(verb)

A

if an animal or plant evolves, it changes gradually over a long period of time
*evolve from
Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures.

61
Q

impede

A

:to make it difficult for someone or something to move forward or make progress
*Storms at sea impeded our progress

62
Q

stream(noun)

A

a natural flow of water that moves across the land and is narrower than a river

63
Q

interpret(verb)

A

to translate spoken words from one language into another
*They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me.
: to believe that something someone does or something that happens has a particular meaning
**interpret something as something
* His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company.
: to explain the meaning of something

64
Q

draw on

A

:draw on/upon something to use information, experience, knowledge etc for a particular purpose
* His work draws heavily on learning theories of the 1980s.
* She has 20 years’ teaching experience to draw on.
:draw on something to use part of a supply of something such as money
* I drew on my savings to pay for the repairs.
:draw on a cigarette/cigar etc to breathe in smoke from a cigarette etc
:if a period of time or an event draws on, it comes closer to its end
* Winter is drawing on.
* As the journey drew on, he started to feel tired.

65
Q

shortcut(noun)

A

:a quicker and more direct way of getting somewhere than the usual one
*Carlos decided to take a short-cut home.
:a quicker way of doing something
**short cut to
*There aren’t really any short cuts to learning English.

66
Q

rumbling(noun)

A

:a series of long low sounds

*We heard a rumbling behind us.

67
Q

pitfall(noun)

A

:a problem or difficulty that is likely to happen in a particular job, course of action, or activity

  • *pitfall of
  • He gave me advice on how to avoid the pitfalls of the legal process.
68
Q

plague(noun)

A

a disease that causes death and spreads quickly to a large number of people

69
Q

hardwired(adj)

A

if an attitude, way of behaving etc is hard-wired, it is a natural part of a person’s character that they are born with and cannot change
*The desire to communicate seems to be hard-wired into our brains.

70
Q

curse(verb)

A

to swear

71
Q

conjecture(noun)

A

:when you form ideas or opinions without having very much information to base them on
*What she said was pure conjecture.
:an idea or opinion formed by guessing SYN guess, hypothesis
* My results show that this conjecture was, in fact, correct.
conjectural (adjective)
=varsayım

72
Q

likelihood(noun)

A

the degree to which something can reasonably be expected to happen
SYN probability
**likelihood of
* Using a seatbelt will reduce the likelihood of serious injury in a car accident.

73
Q

release(verb)

A

:to let someone go free, after having kept them somewhere
*Police arrested several men, who were later released.
**release somebody from something
*He was released from the hospital yesterday.
:to let news or official information be known and printed SYN publish
* The new trade figures have just been released.
: to make a CD, film, computer game etc available for people to buy or see
*A version of the game for Mac computers will be released in February.
:to express or get rid of feelings such as anger or worry
* Physical exercise is a good way of releasing stress.
:to let a substance flow out
**release something into something
* Oil was released into the sea.

74
Q

chain(noun)

A

Zincir

75
Q

willingness(noun)

A

:the state of being prepared to do something
*He has shown no willingness to compromise.
=isteklilik

76
Q

embrace(verb)

A

:to put your arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way SYN hug
:to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion etc
*We hope these regions will embrace democratic reforms.

77
Q

impediment(noun)

A

: a physical problem that makes speaking, hearing, or moving difficult
*a speech impediment
:a situation or event that makes it difficult or impossible for someone or something to succeed or make progress
**impediment to
*War is one of the greatest impediments to human progress.

78
Q

ridicule(noun)

A

:unkind laughter or remarks that are intended to make someone or something seem stupid
=alay
*The government’s proposals were held up to ridicule (=suffered ridicule) by opposition ministers.

79
Q

afflict(verb)

A

:to affect someone or something in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer

  • *be afflicted with/by something
  • a country afflicted by famine
80
Q

variant(noun)

A

:something that is slightly different from the usual form of something
**variant of/on
* This game is a variant of netball.
: a slightly different form of a word or phrase
*spelling variants in British and American English

81
Q

inhibit(verb)

A

:to prevent something from growing or developing well
* An unhappy family life may inhibit children’s learning.
: to make someone feel embarrassed or nervous so that they cannot do or say what they want to
**inhibit somebody from doing something
*Recording the meeting may inhibit people from expressing their real views.
=engellemek

82
Q

explosion(noun)

A

: a loud sound and the energy produced by something such as a bomb bursting into small pieces → explode

  • *bomb/gas/nuclear explosion
  • Several people were injured in a bomb explosion.
83
Q

reputation(noun)

A

:the opinion that people have about someone or something because of what has happened in the past
**reputation for
*Judge Kelso has a reputation for being strict but fair.
**reputation as
*In her last job she gained a reputation as a hard worker.
=itibar

84
Q

intertwine(verb)

A

: if two situations, ideas etc are intertwined, they are closely related to each other
**be closely/inextricably intertwined
* The problems of crime and unemployment are closely intertwined.
: if two things intertwine, or if they are intertwined, they are twisted together
**intertwine with
* a necklace of rubies intertwined with pearls
=iç içe geçmek

85
Q

accomplish(verb)

A

:to succeed in doing something, especially after trying very hard
SYN achieve
*We have accomplished all we set out to do

86
Q

supply(noun)

A

:an amount of something that is available to be used

  • *supply of
  • I’ve only got a week’s supply of tablets left.
  • *plentiful/abundant/adequate etc supply
  • There was a plentiful supply of cheap labour.
87
Q

alienation(noun)

A

:the feeling of not being part of society or a group
**alienation from
* Unemployment may provoke a sense of alienation from society.
=yabancılaşma

88
Q

asset(noun)

A

: the things that a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts
=varlık
**in assets
* a corporation with $9 billion in assets
:something or someone that is useful because they help you succeed or deal with problems
OPP liability=yükümlülük
* A sense of humor is a great asset in this business.
**be an asset to somebody/something
*I think Rachel would be an asset to the department.

89
Q

receptive(adj)

A

:willing to consider new ideas or listen to someone else’s opinions
*You might find them in a more receptive mood tomorrow.
* a receptive audience
**receptive to
*a workforce that is receptive to new ideas
receptiveness(noun)
=yeni fikirlere açık

ıelts (12 decks)

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