Calorie Restriction

Question 1

1) reduces AGEs

Answer 1

Bind to RAGE on many immune, smooth muscle, organ cells. Induce inflammation! Vascular permeability, oxidised LDL, oxidative stress, cytokines release.

Question 2

2) reduces ROS

Answer 2

In mitochondria, less body mass, less NADH. Less e to lose, less waste, more efficient. Less heat loss. Lowered membrane potential so less h+ needed. More protective against IV. Etc.
Pigeons, less free radicals

Question 3

3) Changes gene expression.

Answer 3

SIRT1 anti inflammatory activates autophagy and inhibits NFKB.
Bc more NAD+.

Increased PGC 1a. Bc more pre ATP AMPs. Increase mitochondria and activity of ETC. More complexes, less build up, production spread more. Good for t2 diabetes, metabolism. Sort activates pgc also.

Question 4

4) nutrients from diet increase IGF but CR reduces

Answer 4

IGF for building cell size increase tissue. Anabolic metabolism. Which insulin helps.
Knock out means smaller but live longer.
Lower translocates, causes expression of Foxo3a which induces MnSOD.
- increased autophagy, decreased apoptosis, increased antioxidants.