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Test 2 > Call for Fire > Flashcards

Call for Fire Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the Fire Support System?

A
  • Forward Observer (FO); eyes
  • Fire Direction Center (FDC); brain
  • Firing unit; muscle
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2
Q

What are the duties of the FO?

A
  • Detects and locates suitable targets
  • Calls for fire
  • Adjusts fire
  • Relays the results of his fire missions
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3
Q

What are the duties of the FDC?

A
  • Receives the CFF from the FO
  • Computes firing data
  • Then transmits that data in the form of weapon settings and fire commands to the firing unit
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4
Q

What are the duties of the firing unit?

A

Applies the weapon settings and fire commands transmitted by the FDC in order to deliver rounds when and where the observer has requested.

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5
Q

What are the 4 Simple Rules?

A
  • Plot yourself
  • Get direction
  • Get distance
  • OT factor (Observer/Target)
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6
Q

Direction can be expressed in what two forms?

A
  • Degrees

- Mils

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7
Q

A mil is equal to what?

A

1/6400 of a circle

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8
Q

How many mils in a degree?

A

17.8

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9
Q

What is a mil?

A

It’s where 1m of lateral distance exists for every 1000m of range

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10
Q

What is the OTL?

A

The Observer Target Line - an imaginary straight line from the FO through the target

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11
Q

What is the OT direction?

A

The Observer Target Direction - the azimuth from the FO to the target

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12
Q

What is the OT direction expressed in?

A

The nearest 10 mils and with four digits

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13
Q

What are the three ways to determine OT direction?

A
  • Scaling from a map
  • Lensatic compass
  • Measuring from a reference point
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14
Q

The M22 binoculars are labeled every ____ mils.

A

10

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15
Q

What is the total angular deviation of the M22 binoculars?

A

100 mils

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16
Q

What is the standard unit of measurement in determining distance?

A

Meters

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17
Q

OT distance is always expressed how?

A

To the nearest 100 meters

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18
Q

What are the two methods of determining OT distance?

A
  • Estimation

- Map study

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19
Q

What are the two methods of communication a target to the FDC?

A
  • Polar

- Grid

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20
Q

When mils end in 5, how are they expressed?

A

To the nearest even number

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21
Q

What must be delivered first when utilizing the polar method?

A

FO’s POSREP

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22
Q

What is the accuracy required for a grid mission?

A

100 meters (six digit grid)

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23
Q

If giving a grid mission, what must be sent back to the FDC?

A

The OT direction during the MTO readkback

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24
Q

Call for Fire consists of how many elements?

A

6

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25
Q

How many transmissions are the Call for Fire elements given in?

A

3

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26
Q

What Call for Fire elements are given in which transmissions?

A

1st transmission - 1, 2
2nd transmission - 3
3rd transmission - 4, 5, 6

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27
Q

What are the six elements of the Call for Fire?

A

1) Observer identification
2) Warning order
3) Target location
4) Target description
5) Method of engagement
6) Method of fire and control

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28
Q

What are the two elements of the Warning Order?

A
  • Type of mission

- Method of target location

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29
Q

What are the four types of missions?

A
  • Adjust fire
  • Fire for effect
  • Immediate suppression
  • Suppression
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30
Q

In a polar mission, what is the order of the 3rd transmission?

A

Direction, then distance

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31
Q

What should be included in the target description?

A
  • Type of target (troops, supply dump, trucks)
  • Target activity (digging in, assembly area)
  • Number of elements in the target (squad, three trucks)
  • Degree of protection (in the open, in fighting holes, in bunkers with overhead cover)
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32
Q

What are the two elements of “Method of Engagement”?

A
  • Danger close

- Ammunition

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33
Q

What are the distances for “Danger Close”?

A
  • 600m of friendly troops for mortars or artillery

- 750m of friendly troops for 127mm (Naval Guns)

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34
Q

What type of ammunition is standard in Call for Fire?

A

HE/Q

35
Q

When is “in effect” used?

A

When “Fire for Effect” is used, it is the ammunition delivered. It is only used in Adjust Fire missions.

36
Q

What are the three methods of control (Fire and Control)?

A
  • When ready (default)
  • At My Command (AMC)
  • Time on Target (ToT)
37
Q

How do you report an error to the FDC?

A

State, “correction” and the whole incorrect transmission again.

38
Q

What are the two methods of fire (Fire and Control)?

A

One gun OR Two guns

39
Q

At a minimum, the MTO will contain what 4 elements?

A
  • Unit(s) to fire
  • Changes to the call for fire
  • Number of rounds
  • Target number
40
Q

What are the three types of report that will be sent by the FDC during a fire mission?

A
  • Shot
  • Splash
  • Rounds complete
41
Q

How many tubes per battery?

A

6

42
Q

How many batteries per battalion?

A

3

43
Q

In adjust fire, ______ what you ______, _______ what you _______.

A

spot; see; correct; spot

44
Q

Spottings are made for:

A

Range - how far a burst is over or short of the target

Deviation - how far a burst is to the left or to the right of the OTL

45
Q

The FO should spot which first?

A

First for range, then for deviation

46
Q

What are the four possible range spottings?

A
  • Over
  • Short
  • Range correct
  • Range doubtful
47
Q

What is range doubtful?

A

When the round detonates so far to the left or to the right of the OTL, that a definite range spotting cannot be made

48
Q

Deviation spotting is measured to the nearest ______ mils.

A

5

49
Q

What are the three types of possible deviation spotting?

A
  • On line
  • (# of mils) left
  • (# of mils) right
50
Q

Corrections are sent in:

A
  • Meters

- Reverse order of the spotting; deviation followed by range

51
Q

What is the proper order for subsequent corrections?

A

1) Direction
2) Danger close
3) Shell
4) Fuze
5) Deviation
6) Range
7) Target description
8) Change in type of mission/control
9) Splash
10) Repeat

52
Q

If direction is not included in the Call for Fire (grid mission) it can be included where?

A
  • Immediately after the CFF
  • While reading back the MTO
  • With the first correction
53
Q

Refinement or changes to direction are made when?

A

When the original direction changes by 100 mils or more.

54
Q

How do you determine deviation correction?

A

1) Determine OT factor

2) Multiply deviation spotting by OT factor

55
Q

How do you determine OT factor?

A

The OT distance divided by 1000:

  • When OT distance is greater than 1000m, rounded to the nearest whole number.
  • When OT distance is less than 1000m, rounded to the nearest tenth
56
Q

What is the minimum correction for deviation?

A

30 mils (expressed to the nearest 10 mils)

57
Q

The direction of the deviation correction is (opposite OR the same) of that of the spotting

A

Opposite

58
Q

Range corrections are expressed to the nearest ______ meters.

A

100; a 50-meter correction can be used when entering Fire for Effect

59
Q

What are the four methods of conducting range corrections?

A
  • Hasty bracketing
  • On-round adjustments
  • Creeping fire
  • Successive bracketing
60
Q 
What is the range correction utilizing the Range Bracketing Guide?
OT Distance 
0m - 1000m
1000 m- 2000m
> 2000m
A
  • Add/drop 100m
  • Add/drop 200m
  • Add/drop 400m
61
Q

The FO specifically enters the fire for effect phase when:

A
  • An adjusting round has an effect on the target

- Splitting a 100-meter bracket

62
Q

What is “Repeat”?

A

If additional fire is needed with the same volume of fire.

63
Q

What are the four elements of the end of mission of RREMS statement?

A
  • Refinement
  • Record as target
  • End of Mission
  • Surveillance
64
Q

What is “Refinement”?

A

If fires have been inaccurate but have produced sufficient results, the FO transmits a refinement to the FDC.

65
Q

Refinement is sent in increments of what?

A

10m; but may be less than 30m

66
Q

When is the mission considered to be terminated?

A

When “End of Mission” is stated during the RREMS statement.

67
Q

“Surveillance” should provide:

A

Casualty and/or damage information as accurately as possible (use destroyed, suppressed, or neutralized appropriately).

68
Q

Immediate suppression is given in how many transmissions?

A

1

69
Q

What are the elements of an immediate suppression transmission?

A
  • Observer ID
  • Warning order “immediate suppression”
  • Target location
70
Q

What does the MTO and RREMS consist of in an immediate suppression request?

A

Trick question. There are no MTO or RREMS messages in an immediate suppression request.

71
Q

Suppression is given in how many transmissions?

A

1

72
Q

What are the elements of a suppression transmission?

A
  • Observer ID
  • Warning order “suppression”
  • Target number of the planned target
  • Duration and rate of fire
73
Q

Duration and rate of fire is determined how in an immediate suppression request?

A

By unit SOP

74
Q

What are the three conditions that allow us to enter the fire for effect phase?

A
  • When an adjusting round has effect on the target
  • When splitting a 100-meter bracket
  • IF YOU HAVE ACCURATE TARGET LOCATION (known grid and/or direction/distance of the target)
75
Q

When using the grid method of target location, the FO must transmit __________________________________ to the FDC prior to the first correction.

A

Direction

76
Q

Explain the difference between an “adjust fire” mission and a “fire for effect” mission.

A

Adjust Fire – announced when the FO decides an adjustment is needed because of questionable target location. One gun fires one round at a time until the round is close enough for the entire firing unit to engage the target. Fire for Effect – announced when the FO has an accurate target location and is certain that the first volley will have effect. All guns of the firing unit fire simultaneously.

77
Q

In what transmission are “danger close” or a requested shell/fuze combination announced?

A

Third transmission

78
Q

What type of artillery round contains 88 small grenade-like shaped charges and is effective against area personnel targets and armored vehicles?

A

Improved Conventional Munitions (ICM

79
Q

What fuze should be requested for effects against troops in fighting holes or trenches?

A

Variable Time (VT) for artillery or Proximity (prox) / Near Surface Burst (NSB) for mortars

80
Q

What fuze should be requested for troops in heavy vegetation or with overhead cover?

A

HE / Delay

81
Q

What shell should be requested in order to have an incendiary effect on combustible targets such as a refueling station?

A

HE /White Phosphorous (WP)

82
Q

What shell is MOST effective for obscuration and screening?

A

Smoke – M825 (fired by artillery only)

83
Q

What is “splash”?

A

Transmission that informs the FO when his round is five seconds from detonation.

84
Q

Define a “bracket.”

A

One round over the target, one round short of the target.

Test 2 (12 decks)

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