Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Level 3 > California > Flashcards

California Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the location and climate of St Helena AVA and Calistoga AVA?

A

Further north in Napa Valley than Rutherford.

Receive almost no influence from San Pablo Bay and conditions are warm to hot.

Chalk Hill Gap (break in Mayacamas) lets in Pacific breezes which cools temps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much more expensive (in general) is Napa fruit than Lodi fruit?

A

up to 10x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the name of Napa County’s sustainability certification?

What % of vineyard land in Napa is currently certified sustainable?

A

Napa Green (cert. available for both vineyard and winery)

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of a wine labeled ‘California’ must come from the state?

A

100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What grape varieties is Chalone AVA best known for?

What other varieties are grown?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

A range, including Chenin Blanc, Pinot Blanc, Syrah

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the soils in Sonoma Mountain AVA

A

Volcanic, free-draining, low in nutrients

(on slopes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the most planted grape varieties in Santa Maria Valley AVA?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
Syrah, Viognier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are producers using Merlot to produce premium wines in California?

A

Typically in warmer areas eg Oak Knoll District and Stag’s Leap District in Napa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the notable grape varieties in Chalk Hill AVA?

A

Chardonnay
Cabernet Sauvignon
Sauvignon Blanc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What grape varieties is Clarksburg AVA known for?

What other varieties are planted?

A

Chenin Blanc & Petite Sirah

Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If a vineyard is named on the label, what percentage of the grapes must come from that vineyard?

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the location and growing environment of Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara AVA

What are the most planted varieties?

A

Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara AVA is located at the easternmost end of Santa Ynez Valley, furthest from the Pacific Ocean. It is at this point that the valley shifts from an east-west to a north-south orientation which blocks coastal breezes, giving warm temperatures.

High altitude sites and exposure to afternoon winds can give high diurnal range.

Cabernet Sauvignon & Sauvignon Blanc, followed by other Bordeaux varieties, Syrah & Grenache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Quality and price level of wines from Paso Robles

A

Much of the production is inexpensive to mid-priced wines of good quality, however a number of producers are making very good to outstanding quality wines at mid to premium pricesS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Napa Valley AVAs are located on the valley floor?

A

Carneros
Coombsville
Oak Knoll
these three furthest south and under fog layer, coolest

Yountville
Stags Leap District
Oakville
Rutherford

further north, warmer, still some influence from SPB

St Helena
Calistoga

hottest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If a wine comes from an AVA entirely within Sonoma County, what must appear on the label along with the name of the AVA?

A

Sonoma County

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If an AVA is named on the bottle, what percentage of the grapes must come from that AVA?

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What wines is Edna Valley AVA known for?

A

High quality Pinot Noir and Chardonnay (still & sparkling)

Range of other varieties planted, including Syrah, Sauvignon Blanc, Albariño and Viognier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the location and topography of Santa Cruz Mountains AVA

How does this affect the growing environment?

A

Santa Cruz mountains are part of the Coast Range that runs down north/central California coast. The AVA includes Santa Cruz, Santa Clara and San Mateo counties.

Vineyards are planted at altitudes up to 800m, which moderates daytime temperatures. At night, cold air slips down the hillside meaning nights remain relatively warm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the average quality and price of Monterey AVA?

A

Due to the availability of irrigation water and the ease mechanization on the large, flat valley floor, many grapes from this AVA are made into inexpensive to mid-priced volume wines, either entirely from Monterey or as part of cross-regional blends.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is Rockpile AVA located?

A

Northern part of Sonoma county, overlapping with Dry Creek Valley AVA and extending into Mendocino County to the north

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What varieties are planted in Rockpile AVA?

A

Zinfandel
Petite Sirah
Syrah
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Malbec
Petit Verdot
& Douro Varieties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Significant Anderson Valley producers

A

Kendall-Jackson
Seghesio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

5 Mountain side AVAs in Napa and their location within the valley

A

Mount Veeder AVA - southwest corner, coolest of the mountain AVAs
Atlas Peak AVA - southeast, also relatively cool but with afternoon sun
Howell Mountain AVA - northeast, one of the warmest
Spring Mountain District AVA - northwest
Diamond Mountain District AVA - northwest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the location and climate of South Coast AVA

A

Stretches from Los Angeles to the border with Mexico

Due to low latitude, cooling influences are required for high quality grape growing. Vineyards are planted in areas exposed to ocean breezes or at altitude.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the criteria that must be met for a California winery to label their wines “estate-bottled”?

A
  • Made and bottled at producer’s winery
  • Grapes only from vineyards owned or controlled by the producer WITHIN the stated AVA

*This has led to the creation of some very large AVAs which allow larger producers to use the “estate-bottled” term for some of their premium wines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When were vineyards originally established in the Sierra Foothills?

When did production begin again?

A

Mid-to late 1800s during the Gold Rush by European prospectors with vine cuttings from home. Many vineyards abandoned during Prohibition.

1960s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How can you group California’s AVAs?

A

North Coast
Central Coast
Inland Valleys (including Central Valley)
Sierra Foothills
Southern California

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe the location and topography of Sierra Foothills

How large is the AVA?

A

Located 160km east of San Francisco in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range

1 million ha, encompassing multiple counties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Style, quality and price of Carneros Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

A

Style ranges from medium-bodied, medium alcohol, medium(+) acid and fresher fruit to fuller-bodied, riper, higher alcohol styles

Quality: Good to outstanding

Price: Mid to super-premium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the general climate of Lodi AVA?

What are its moderating influences?

A

Hot Mediterranean, low rainfall

Cooling afternoon winds from San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Breezes off the bay can carry very far due to the flat land in the area along with gaps in the North and South Coast Ranges.

The windy conditions also reduce the incidence of frost and fungal disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Factors that reduce fungal disease pressure in California

A

Low rainfall during the growing season
Breezes from the coast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What percentage of California wine grapes are black?

A

63%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What percentage of California wine production does Napa represent?

What percentage of retail value of California wine does Napa represent?

A

4%

27%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Two key influences on California’s climate

A

1) Cold Pacific ocean due to the California Ocean Current and upwelling along the west coast
2) The Coast Ranges which shelter inland regions from the cold Pacific influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Significant producers in Rockpile

A

Seghesio Family
Devil Proof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Describe the location of North Coast AVA

A

It encompasses 160km down the Pacific coastline and reaches 80km inland. The Mayacamas mountains run through the AVA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Describe the location, topography and growing environment of Central Valley

A

Entirely inland and covers a large area across two valleys.

The Sacramento Valley makes up the northern half with 6,000ha under vine whereas the southern San Joaquin Valley has around 61,000ha under vine.

Most of the vineyards are planted on flat, fertile areas. High temperatures (regularly 35-40 in daytime) lead to very ripe grapes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How many AVAs are there in Sonoma County?

What are the three overarching AVAs?

A

18

Northern Sonoma AVA
Sonoma Coast AVA
Sonoma Valley AVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the general climate and climactic influences present in Dry Creek Valley AVA

A

Generally warm days, sheltered to the west by coastal mountains

In the afternoons & evenings, cool air and fogs are funneled up from San Pablo Bay. Helps to retain acidity in grapes.

Southern part of the valley generally cooler due to greater influence from San Pablo Bay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Can Santa Barbara wine producers open cellar doors at their wineries?

A

No, legislation requires that cellar doors be located in a town or city

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where is Clarksburg AVA located?

What is its general climate?

A

Southwest of Sacramento, near the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Similar to Lodi with hot days moderated by afternoon breezes off the Delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Describe the use of oak for California Cabernet Sauvignon

A

All but the most inexpensive wines will see oak. High proportions of new French oak are still common, but maturation times are shorter than they were in past years. General movement toward better balance of fruit and oak.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the average rainfall in Anderson Valley and when does most of it fall?

A

800mm
Mostly in winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Describe the location and climate of Anderson Valley AVA

A

Mendocino County. The valley runs from north-west, where it is very near to the Pacific to south-east, where it is further inland.

Daytime temperatures are warm but the Navarro river funnels cold air and fog inland, giving cold mornings and evenings. The influence of the cold air decreases further into the valley as it narrows.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What varieties are planted in Livermore Valley AVA?

What is the general style of the wines?

A

Chardonnay
Cabernet Sauvignon
Sauvignon Blanc
Zinfandel

Concentrated ripe flavors & tannins with fresh acidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the particularities surrounding labeling in Carneros?

A

Wines may be labeled either Carneros or Los Carneros

Wine made from grapes from the Sonoma side may display Sonoma County and from the Napa side may say Napa County

Wines made from both parts of the AVA may only state (Los) Carneros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the main geographic features present in Central Coast and how do they affect the growing environment?

A

The Southern Coast Ranges, including the Santa Cruz, Gabilan and Santa Lucia mountains, run north-south and shelter vineyards from cold, wet air and fog from the Pacific.

In some places, especially the Transverse Range in Santa Barbary County, the orientation of the mountains shifts to east-west which acts as a funnel for cold winds and fogs to roll inland off of the Pacific Ocean.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Describe the soils of Knights Valley AVA

A

Warm, free-draining volcanic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the total area of Paso Robles AVA?

How many sub-AVAs are there?

What is the best known of these sub-AVAs?

A

250,000ha (3x size of Napa Valley)

11, introduced 2014

Adelaida District AVA, located in the Santa Lucia Highlands area in the northwest of the greater AVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Describe the style, quality, price of Anderson Valley Cabernet Sauvignon

A

Full-bodied, high tannin, blackcurrant, chocolate, blackberry, dried herbs

Less tannin from wines on valley floor, sites on slopes show more tannin/structure

Quality: Good to Outstanding
Price: Mid to Premium, some super-premium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

When was viticulture established in California’s South Coast area?

What have been some challenges to grape growing since then?

A
  • Orginally planted 1760s by Franciscan monks
  • 1830s: commercial vineyards planted
  • Prohibition: vineyards abandoned and replaced with urban sprawl, food crops, housing
  • 1990s: area ravaged by Pierce’s disease
  • today: focus on quality rather than quantity. Disease outbreak offered opportunity to replant with focus on rootstocks, sites, clones, varieties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What are the most planted varieties in Petaluma Gap AVA?

Describe the general style of the wines.

A

75% Pinot Noir, followed by Chardonnay and Syrah

Higher acidity, fresher fruit, lower alcohol than wines from more sheltered, inland areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What are the most planted varieties in Arroyo Grande AVA?

What other varieties are planted?

A

Dominated by Chardonnay and Pinot Noir (still & sparkling)

Zinfandel and Syrah in warmer areas (further inland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the main white grape variety in the AVAs Yountville, Stags Leap, Oakville and Rutherford?

Style?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Ripe, juicy, peach & tropical, med+ acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What are the two sub-AVAs of Russian River Valley?

A

Green Valley of Russian River Valley AVA
Chalk Hill AVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the most planted variety in Sonoma Mountain AVA?

What other varieties are planted?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot, Zinfandel, Syrah
Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon (planted on cooler sites to west of appellation where there is some oceanic influence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Where is Santa Barbara County?

What are its six AVAs and where are they located?

A

In the southernmost part of the Central Coast AVA, south of San Luis Obispo County.

Santa Maria Valley AVA
Santa Ynez Valley AVA, which has 4 sub AVAs:
Santa Rita Hills AVA
Ballard Canyon AVA
Los Olivos District AVA
Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara AVA

The AVAs are located in the Transverse Ranges, which run east-west and funnel in cold Pacific breezes & fogs, lowering temps and reducing risk of frost and fungal disease due to air circulation (grapes can therefore be left on the vine into autumn, which is sometimes needed in the coolest areas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is the general soil type in the Sierra Foothills?

A

Sandy clay loam from decomposed granite that retains sufficient water to allow dry farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the style of wine from Fort Ross Seaview AVA?

What are the most planted grape varieties?

A

Riper fruit than wines made below the fog line, but still high acidity.

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Syrah

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Where is Sonoma Mountain AVA located?

Where are the vineyards mostly planted?

A

Western, northern part of Sonoma Valley

East-facing, steep slopes in the Sonoma mountain range up to 730m. Above the fog line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What AVAs are within Sonoma Coast AVA?

A

Sonoma side of Carneros AVA
Part of Sonoma Valley AVA
Western part of Chalk Hill AVA
Most of Russian River Valley AVA
Petaluma Gap AVA
Fort Ross Seaview AVA

= wide range of climates & grape varieties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

How many AVAs in California?

A

around 140

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What are the predominate grape varieties in the cooler areas of Russian River Valley?

What are the soils like in this area?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

Varied, yellow sandstone to rocky sandy clay loam. Generally free-draining and low in nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What are some cooling influences in Clear Lake AVA?

A

The lake itself, which takes up about half of the AVA, provides afternoon breezes.

Altitude: many vineyards planted on slopes and ridges around the lake, at altitudes of 400-450m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Two famous single vineyards in Napa

A

Martha’s Vineyard (Oakville)
To Kalon (Rutherford Bench)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Describe the location and climate of Knights Valley AVA

A

Furthest inland of the Sonoma county AVAs, with one of the warmest climates in the county

Surrounded by hills, including the Mayacamas mountains to the west, which shelter it from Pacific influence

Cooler sites are found by planting at altitudes up to 450m in Mayacamas foothills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Describe the soils in Monterey AVA

A

Sandy loam and gravel, free-draining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is the main grape variety in Paso Robles?

Are grapes grown mostly black or white?

What other varieties are grown?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

40%

Merlot, Syrah, Zinfandel also common
Increasing interest in black & white Rhône varieties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Where is Colombard planted in California and what kind of wines are made from it?

A

Mostly in Central Vally
Rarely varietally labeled, rather ends up in blends with other varieties with names like “fruity white”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What are California’s two most planted grape varieties?

A

1) Chardonnay
2) Cabernet Sauvignon

Each about 20% total area under vine, CS likely to eclipse Chardonnay’s slight lead in the coming years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

How many sub-AVAs are contained within Napa Valley AVA?

How must these wines be labeled?

A

16

Wines from the sub-appellation must show the name of the sub AVA as well as Napa Valley, eg Rutherford Napa Valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

How are vines typically trained in Napa?

A

Cordon or replacement spur
VSP trellising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is the best known AVA within the Mendocino AVA?

A

Anderson Valley AVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Are Napa Valley vineyards typically harvested by hand or by machine?

A

Mechanized where possible (eg valley floor)
Hand harvest only option in some mountainside vineyards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Where is the Central Coast AVA?

A

Central Coast AVA covers 450km of coastline from San Fransisco to Santa Barbara and extends inland 95km.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Where is the Fort Ross Seaview AVA located?

What is special about the AVA?

A

In the northwest corner of Sonoma Coast AVA.

Vineyards must be at a minimum 280m altitude, above the fog layer. More sunshine hours while altitude helps to preserve acidity.

Cool winds moderate temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Is irrigation common in Monterey AVA?

A

Due to low growing season rainfall, irrigation is essential in Monterey Bay.

The Salinas River provides water for irrigation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What are the predominant grape varieties in the western part of Sonoma Coast AVA?

What is the general style?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

Relatively light-bodied, high acid with medium alcohol due to the cool conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What is the most planted grape variety in Anderson Valley?

What other varieties are also planted?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Chardonnay, Merlot, Zinfandel, Petit Verdot, Malbec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What is the most planted grape in Napa Valley?

What percentage of production does it represent?

What percentage of crop value does it represent?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

40%

55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What are some commonly grown varieties in Central Valley?

A

French Colombard, Chardonnay, Muscat, Zinfandel and Merlot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Describe how grapes from Lodi may be used

A
  • part of an inexpensive blend California blend from one of Central Valley’s large producers, due to low price of fruit
  • be used with grapes entirely from Lodi AVA
84
Q

What varieties are planted in Bennett Valley AVA?

A

Syrah
Merlot
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay

Other Rhône varieties, eg Grenache, Viognier

85
Q

Describe the style of premium California Zinfandel

A

Medium(+) acidity, medium to full body, ripe medium(+) tannins, high alcohol, flavors of blueberry, raspberry, blackberry. Often aged in American oak, adding vanilla flavors.

86
Q

Describe the location of Sonoma Coast AVA?

A

Runs from Mendocino in the north, along the Pacific Ocean and down to Marin County and San Pablo Bay

87
Q

Significant Santa Barbara producers

A

Mail Road Wines
Sine Qua Non

88
Q

Describe the climate and soils of Livermore Valley AVA

A

It is subjected to cold afternoon breezes in the afternoon, as hot air raises from the Central Valley to the west, cold air is sucked in from San Francisco Bay.

Soils are stony and free-draining.

89
Q

If a county is named, what percentage of the grapes must come from that county?

A

75%

90
Q

Why are the soils in Napa Valley so diverse?

Generally speaking, describe the soils on the mountain sides and valley floors.

A

Tectonic and volcanic activity over 150million years ago

Mountains: thin & poor

Valley floor: Silt & clay, formed by Napa river. Highest fertility & water holding capacity. (less structured wines than from mountain sides/alluvial fans)

91
Q

Significant producers of Anderson Valley Pinot Noir

A

Littorai
Williams Selyem

92
Q

What is the most planted variety in Coombsville and Oak Knoll?

What other varieties are planted?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot, Chardonnay

*tend to be lighter-boded, lower alcohol than from the more northerly AVAs due to cooler climate/reduced sunshine from fog

93
Q

Describe the range of quality and price of wines from Lodi?

Where are the most expensive wines from?

A

Quality ranges from good to very good with some outstanding examples
Price from inexpensive to premium.

Most expensive wines from single vineyards of old dry-farmed bush vines

94
Q

How much rainfall does Anderson Valley AVA receive?

A

900-2000mm/annum (high), mostly in winter and spring.

The northwest of the valley, closest to the Pacific, is the wettest area.

95
Q

Describe the climate and major climactic influences in Rockpile AVA

A

Snake-like Lake Sonoma surrounds AVA from three sides and moderates temperatures, helping to create an inversion layer, leading to warmer night-time temperatures. (As compared to Dry Creek Valley which has cooler nights and warmer days)

Vineyards are at altitude and sit above the fog layer leading to long hours of sunshine.

Windy conditions lead to high evapotranspiration rates and therefore low yields and concentrated fruit

96
Q

Due to conditions in Lodi, a wealth of grape varieties can ripen well yet maintain a degree of freshness, name some of these.

What grape variety is Lodi particularly known for?

A
  • Rhône and South of France varieties (Grenache, Syrah, Cinsaut, Mourvèdre, Viognier, Picpoul)
  • Bordeaux varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc)
  • Spanish varieties (Tempranillo, Graciano, Albariño)
  • Portuguese varieties (Touriga Nacional, Tinta Cão)
  • German varieties (Riesling, Gewürztraminer)
  • Italian varieties (Barbera, Aglianico)

Zinfandel
some vines are 100 years old, sandy soils mean phylloxera did not affect all areas of AVA

97
Q

Where is Sonoma Valley located?

A

Southeastern corner of Sonoma Valley. Bordered by the Mayacamas mountains to the east, the Sonoma Range to the west (sheltered from Ocean) and opening to San Pablo Bay in the south.

98
Q

What is the Rutherford Bench?

A

Most famous vineyard area in Oakville and Rutherford.

5km stretch of vineyards located on a gently sloping alluvial fan at the base of the Mayacamas

99
Q

What is the predominant grape variety in the northern Napa Valley floor appellations of Yountville, Stags Leap, Oakville and Rutherford?

Which of these AVAs has the greatest influence from San Pablo Bay? Which has the least?

What other varieties are planted?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Yountville is furthest south, closest to San Pablo Bay and receives the greatest influence from cool air being pulled in at night, whereas Rutherford, the furthest north has the least influence

Merlot, Cabernet Franc, some Zinfandel in Rutherford

100
Q

Significant producers in Lodi

A
  • Michael David
  • Ravenswood
101
Q

Where are grapes mostly planted in the Carmel Valley AVA?

A

Within the Carmel Valley, a small valley parallel to the Salinas Valley and in Cachagua Valley, which is further inland.

In Cachagua Valley, vines planted up to 670m altitude, above the fog line. Depending on aspect, these can be some of the warmest sites in Monterey. Night time temps still very cool due to altitude and being surrounded by mountains.

102
Q

What is the water source for irrigation in Lodi?

A

Mokelumne River, which runs through the AVA

103
Q

Where is Livermore Valley AVA located?

A

In Alameda County, on the east side of San Francisco Bay

104
Q

Aside from Chardonnay, what wine styles does Anderson Valley successfully produce?

A

Aromatic Alsace-style white wines from Pinot Gris, Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Pinot Blanc

105
Q

Significant producers of Carneros Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

A

Kistler
Tor

106
Q

What is the minimum altitude at which vineyards for Rockpile AVA must be planted?

A

800 ft (244m)

107
Q

How is the topography and climate of the Napa mountain AVAs different from that of the valley floor AVAs?

A

These vineyards generally sit above the fog layer and receive longer hours of sunshine. Temperatures are less extreme, leading to a lower diurnal range.

Altitude (up to 800m) is the cooling influence. Combination of temperature & soils means these AVAs generally produce wines higher in tannin and acidity than the valley floor AVAs.

Generally, the vineyards on the east side of the valley (west-facing) receive more intense afternoon sunlight resulting in wines higher in alcohol with riper fruit.

108
Q

What grape varieties are planted in St Helena and Calistoga

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Petite Sirah
Zinfandel

109
Q

What AVAs are included within the larger Northern Sonoma AVA?

A

Alexander Valley AVA
Knights Valley AVA
Rockpile AVA
Chalk Hill AVA
Russian River Valley AVA
& Green Valley of Russian River Valley
Dry Creek Valley

110
Q

Where is Santa Maria Valley AVA located?

Describe the growing environment.

A

The northern part of Santa Barbara County.

The Santa Maria Valley runs west to east which funnels Pacific air, fog and breezes east to the vineyards, lowering temps.

111
Q

Where is Russian River Valley AVA located?

What is its general climate?

A

Middle of Sonoma County, included in the Northern Sonoma AVA and part is within the Sonoma Coast AVA.

Its generally moderate to warm, and includes a range of sites across flat and hilly areas.

112
Q

What are the main grape varieties in Carmel Valley AVA?

A

In warm Cachagua Valley - Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

In cooler Carmel Valley, nearer the coast - Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

113
Q

What is the most planted grape variety in Knights Valley AVA?

What other varieties are planted?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot, Syrah, Zinfandel as well as some Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

114
Q

Which two California wines received top marks at a wine tasting in France in 1976?

A

1973 Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon
1973 Chateau Montelena Chardonnay

115
Q

What varieties are most planted in Santa Cruz Mountains AVA?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir

However, the east side of the AVA, which borders Silicon Valley, is warmer and more suited to Zinfandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot

116
Q

Style, quality, price of Dry Creek Valley Zinfandel

A

Medium(+) to full body
Medium(+) acidity
Ripe flavors of blackberry, black plum, cherry
Typically aged in large proportion of new oak, commonly American oak

West-facing sites: riper, jammier, dried fruits
East-facing sites/southern area: fresher

Quality: Good to outstanding
Price: Mid to premium

117
Q

What percentage of grapes must come from the stated vintage on an AVA-labeled wine?

& for a wine labeled with the county or state?

A

95%

85%

118
Q

Describe the topography of Dry Creek Valley.

Where are vines planted?

A

A narrow valley only 3x26km

Vines are planted both on the valley floor and on either side of the Dry Creek River (a tributary of the Russian River). West-facing vineyards planted on east side of the river tend to be warmer than those on the other side due to exposure to the afternoon sun

119
Q

What percentage of a wine labeled with a single variety must come from that variety?

A

75%

120
Q

Significant producers of Russian River Valley Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

A

Rochioli
La Crema

121
Q

Describe the style of a typical premium California Chardonnay

A

Medium(+) to full body
Pronounced flavors of peach and pineapple, secondary flavors of oak, MLC

*some producers choosing to make leaner styles, with citrus fruit flavors, less overt oak and possibly some reduction

122
Q

What are the two largest producers in Central Valley?

A

E&J Gallo Winery
Bronco Wine Company

123
Q

What is the style of Syrah produced in warmer areas of Santa Barbara County?

A

Medium to medium+ body, medium+ tannins and acidity, fresh blackberry & plum varieties

124
Q

Describe conditions in the western area of Sonoma Coast AVA.

What are the hazards?

A

Very close (within a couple km at times) and exposed to cold Pacific winds and fog.

Cool, windy conditions in spring often disrupt fruit set. Yields low.

Growing conditions are cool, limited sunshine hours due to fog.

125
Q

Where are vines planted in Rockpile AVA?

A

Steep, rocky slopes from 244-650m

Variety of aspects and altitudes creates a wide range of growing conditions

126
Q

How many wineries are there in Anderson Valley?

A

85, many with cellar doors to take advantage of the tourist trade along the Mendocino county coast

127
Q

Describe the style of Petite Sirah

A

Deeply-colored, full-bodied wines, med(+) high tannins and acidity, black fruit and spice flavors

*also used as blending component with Bordeaux varieties
*adds color, body, tannin, acidity, black fruit flavors

128
Q

Describe the topography and growing environment in Paso Robles

A

It’s a large area with a wide range of sites including valley floors, rolling hills and mountains with altitudes up to 670m.

Eastern, more inland areas tend to be warmer and produced concentrated, ripe wines.

Western areas cooler, with more Pacific influence.

The Templeton Gap, a low point in the Coastal Range, funnels in cool air from the Pacific and provides a cooling influence in the western areas of Paso Robles

129
Q

What are the nine most planted grape varieties in California?

A

Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Merlot, French Colombard, Syrah, Pinot Gris, Sauvignon Blanc

130
Q

Quality and Price of wines from Santa Cruz Mountains AVA

A

Quality: Good- outstanding
Price: Mid to super premium

131
Q

What grape varieties are planted in Santa Rita Hills AVA?

What variety is it most known for? What is the expected style of wines made from it?

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier and Syrah

Pinot Noir

Medium+ to high acid, medium+ tannins and flavors of black cherry, black plum, tea leaf, savor. They command premium and super-premium prices due to high demand and small supply.

132
Q

Where are most vineyards planted in Anderson Valley AVA?

A

Along the sloped sides of the valley. Cold nights mean spring frost can be an issue, especially in lower-lying areas.

133
Q

Significant producers in Paso Robles

A

Saxum Vineyards
Tablas Creek

134
Q

Aside from Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Syrah, what other grapes are planted in Santa Barbara County?

A

Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Rhône varieties, especially Grenache and Viognier

135
Q

Describe the soils of Lodi AVA

A

Flatlands with free-draining sandy and clay loam soils

136
Q

Key producers in Dry Creek Valley AVA

A

Ridge
Kinsella Estate

137
Q

Describe the location and growing environment of Los Olivos AVA

What varieties are grown?

A

Within the greater Santa Ynez AVA, it sits between Ballard Canyon and Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara on alluvial terraces.

It has warm, sunny days and relatively low diurnal range without altitude or much influence from fog.

A mixture of Bordeaux, Rhône and Italian varieties

138
Q

Where is Arroyo Grande AVA located? What is its general climate?

A

Arroyo Grande is a valley which lies northeast-southwest to the south of Edna Valley AVA.

Days are sunny and warm, however in the afternoons cool winds and fogs are funneled from the Pacific Ocean in the southwest through the valley, making this one of the coolest areas in California and resulting in ripe grapes with high acidity levels.

139
Q

What is an alluvial fan?

How are Napa wines grown on the alluvial fans said to compare to Napa wines grown on the mountainsides and valley floor?

A

Soils created at the bottoms of mountains (in Napa, typically on the west side of the valley) by the deposition of sediment by mountain streams as they hit the valley floor.

Often called “benches,” the soils are deep, rocky with moderate fertility.

Style considered to be somewhere between that of the valley floor and mountain styles. Many of the valley floor appellations have both bench and fluvial soils (eg Rutherford)

140
Q

Where is Ballard Canyon located?

What varieties are most planted?

A

Ballard Canyon is located further inland than Santa Rita Hills in the greater Santa Ynez Valley AVA. It has relatively small plantings.

The canyon runs north to south which protects from the cool breezes running eastward from the Transverse Ranges. It experiences overnight fogs which keep night-time temperatures cool.

Syrah and Grenache

141
Q

What is the name of the sustainability program in Lodi?

What percentage of Lodi vineyards are certified sustainable?

A

Lodi Rules, it was California’s first sustainability program. Over 1,000 wineries are certified in California & around the world.

Around 20%

142
Q

Where is Chalk Hill AVA located?

Describe the growing environment and soils.

A

The northeast corner of Russian River Valley AVA, just south of Alexander Valley

Hilly area, sheltering it from the Pacific somewhat and creating a warmer climate than further south in RRV.

Vines are planted up to 500m.

Soils are white volcanic ash (NOT CHALK)

143
Q

Describe the topography and location of Arroyo Seco AVA

A

Located in the south and east of the Santa Lucia mountains.

It starts in Arroyo Seco Canyon, a narrow gorge at the base of the Santa Lucia mountains and opens up onto the Salinas River Valley floor.

144
Q

What are the main grape varieties in Monterey AVA?

A

Chardonnay is almost 50% of plantings, and planted in cooler and warmer sites.

Pinot Noir & Riesling are grown in the coolest northern sites.

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah and Zinfandel are grown on warmer inland sites.

145
Q

Where are vineyards planted in Santa Maria Valley AVA?

What are the soils like?

A

100-250m altitude on hillside slopes

Sandy clay shale loam

146
Q

Is irrigation common in Napa?

A

Yes, drip irrigation common due to low rainfall during the growing season

147
Q

Describe the location and growing environment in Chalone AVA?

A

Eastern part of Monterey in the Gabilan mountain range.

Vineyards planted up to 550m, above the fog line. High levels of sunshine and cool nights = large diurnal range.

Soils are free-draining granite and limestone. Low yields of concentrated grapes.

148
Q

Describe the style of premium California Syrah

A

Medium to medium (+)body, medium(+) acidity and tannins, fresh plum, blackberry & spice flavors

149
Q

What is the general climate in Sierra Foothills?

What are some cooling influences?

A

Hot daytime temperatures up to 35-40 degrees

  • Cool air descends from mountains at night, giving high diurnal range.
  • Planting at altitude, up to 600m in Amador County and 1000m in El Dorado AVA
150
Q

Where is San Luis Obispo County?

What are its three main AVAs?

A

Pacific Coast between Monterey County and Santa Barbara County

Paso Robles, Edna Valley, Arroyo Grande

151
Q

Describe the location and growing environment in Santa Lucia Highlands AVA

A

Located in Monterey county, it is a 30km stretch of southeast-facing alluvial terraces overlooking the Salinas Valley.

It is fairly close to Monterey Bay, meaning vineyards are exposed to cold wind and fogs. Vineyards are planted up to 350m, which takes advantage of the morning sun before afternoon breezes cool the vineyards. Wind can be so strong that vine stomata close, slowing ripening.

152
Q

Are plantings in Lake County mostly black or white?

What are the two most planted varieties?

A

Mostly black

Cabernet Sauvignon & Sauvignon Blanc

153
Q

What are five AVAs within Monterey County?

Where are the vineyards located?

A

Monterey AVA
Santa Lucia Highlands AVA
Arroyo Seco AVA
Chalone AVA
Carmel Valley

Within the large Salinas Valley that runs from Monterey Bay in the northwest of the county to San Luís Obispo County in the south, or on the sides of the mountain ranges on either side

154
Q

Where is Green Valley of Russian River Valley?
Describe the growing environment.

A

Closest vineyards to the Petaluma Gap in RRV

First to receive fog in the evening, last area for it to burn off, leading to some of the coolest conditions in Northern Calif.

Soils are predominantly free-draining, low-nutrient sandstone.

Similar styles of PN/Chard as RRV, but can have fresher acidity and flavors

155
Q

Describe the soils of Dry Creek Valley AVA

A

Gravel sandy loam on the valley floor
Gravel red clay loam on the slopes and benches

Gravelly free-draining soil = reduced vigor and yields

156
Q

Are many wines labeled Clarksburg AVA?

A

No, the majority of grapes are used for California blends

157
Q

When and why was AXR1 rootstock introduced?
Why was its use discontinued?

A

Introduced in the 1970s after the success of California wines in wine tasting proved the potential of the region and led to an increase in plantings. It produced higher yields than traditional rootstocks.

Its use was discontinued as it had V. vinifera ancestry and in the 1980s phylloxera spread through Calif. vineyards.

This became an opportunity for the area to replant with more thought to varieties, clones, sites and canopy management. In many cases, this was also a shift to quality over quantity.

158
Q

What are some of the most common varieties grown in South Coast AVA?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Zinfandel
  • Chenin Blanc
159
Q

What are some sub-appellations of Sonoma Valley?

A

Part of Carneros AVA
Sonoma Mountain AVA
Bennett Valley AVA

160
Q

Aside from Cabernet Sauvignon, what other grapes are planted in Napa Valley?

What is the most planted white variety?

A

Merlot
Pinot Noir
Zinfandel
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Cabernet Franc
Syrah
Petite Sirah

Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Gris

161
Q

What are the main grape varieties in Santa Lucia Highlands AVA? What is the general style?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Syrah

Fresh flavors and high acidities due to cooling influence from Monterey Bay

162
Q

Describe the winemaking process and resulting style for White Zinfandel

A

Zinfandel grapes from Central Valley
Short maceration on skins
Fermentation in stainless steel
Early arrested fermentation to produce a medium-dry wine

Style: Medium pink, medium-dry, often low alcohol (10.5-11%), medium acidity and body, flavors of strawberry and fruit candy

Price: inexpensive-mid
Quality: Acceptable-good

163
Q

Which areas of Russian River Valley AVA are the coolest?

Why?

A

The south and western areas are the coolest because they receive cold air and fog from the Petaluma Gap. The fogs usually arrive in the evening and burn off in the morning.

Retain acidity, slow sugar accumulation, extend growing season

164
Q

What is the area under vine in Anderson Valley AVA?
What are the two most planted varieties?

A

1000ha
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir for still & sparkling wines

165
Q

Describe the location of the Northern Sonoma AVA

A

Separated from the ocean by the Sonoma Coast AVA

Bordered by Mendocino County in the north, the Mayacamas mountains to the east, and down to Santa Rosa in the middle of Sonoma County

The Russian River flows from the north of the AVA and provides water for the vineyards and aquifers before flowing into the Pacific

166
Q

What were some advancements made to California winemaking during the mid-to-late 20th century?

Who pioneered them?

A

Temperature-controlled fermentation
Better winery hygiene
Techniques to prevent disease and frost damage

André Tschellistcheff

167
Q

Describe the general style of Zinfandel from Lodi

A

Medium to full body, medium to medium+ acidity, ripe tannins, flavors of cherry, blueberry, blackberry

168
Q

Describe the location and growing environment of Monterey AVA?

A

Most of the AVA runs along the length of the Salinas River Valley, which opens up directly to Monterey Bay in the north. Due to a deep canyon, the water in Monterey Bay is particularly cold, so afternoons/evenings in the Salinas River Valley can be very cold and windy, especially in the areas closest to Monterey Bay.

169
Q

What are the most common grape varieties in the cooler areas of Santa Barbara County?

Describe the style of wines made here from these two varieties

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

Pinot Noir: Med+ to high acid, medium to medium+ body, medium tannin, high alcohol, red cherry & plum flavors

Chardonnay: Medium+ to high acid, medium to medium+ body, lemon, grapefruit & peach flavors

170
Q

Where are the majority of plantings in Sierra Foothills AVA?

A
  • Amador County’s California Shenandoah AVA & Fiddletown AVA
  • El Dorado AVA in El Dorado County
171
Q

What grape variety is Sierra Foothills best known for?

What other grape varieties are planted?

A

Old vine Zinfandel, some vines well over 100 years old

  • Rhône (Viognier, Marsanne, Roussane, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre)
  • Italian (Barbera, Sangiovese, Pinot Grigio, Aglianico)
  • Spanish (Verdelho, Tempranillo)
172
Q

How many AVAs are there in Mendocino county?

A

13 in total

Mendocino AVA covers six of these (Anderson Valley, Potter Valley, Redwood Valley, Cole Ranch, Yorkville Highlands McDowell Ranch) and can be used for blends between these AVAs

173
Q

Where is Lodi AVA located?

How large is it?

A

Northern end of Central Valley, about 160km inland from San Francisco Bay

45,000ha (around 2x size of Sonoma Valley)

174
Q

Why are grape and land prices so high in Napa?

A
  • Almost all viable/permitted land has already been planted
  • Legislation does not allow planting on slopes with a grade over 30%
  • Popularity and prestige of Napa wines, coupled with inability to expand production
175
Q

What is the trade organization for the California wine industry?

A

The Wine Institute of California, about 1/4 of California producers are members

176
Q

Where is Petaluma Gap AVA located?

What is the defining characteristic of this AVA?

A

Southern Sonoma and northern Marin County.

High speed coastal winds which run through the area from the Petaluma Gap in the northeast toward the San Pablo Bay in the southwest. The area was defined by those that receive a minimum 12k/h persistent wind during the growing season.

The wind lowers temperature but is also strong enough to close the vine stomata and slow photosynthesis and respiration.

177
Q

Describe the topography of Carneros AVA

A

Relatively low-lying from San Pablo Bay to foothills up to 200m

178
Q

What are the conditions like in the inland, northeast areas of Russian River Valley AVAs?

What varieties are grown?

A

Warmer than other areas of RRV, sheltered by hills from Pacific influence.

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Zinfandel
riper styles of PN/Chard

179
Q

Describe the location and topography of Santa Rita Hills AVA

A

Santa Rita Hills AVA is a sub-ava of Santa Ynez Valley and is located at its western edge, close to the Pacific. The east-west orientation is framed by Purisima Hills to the north and the Santa Rosa Hills to the south.

It is the first part of the Santa Ynez Valley area to receive the cold fogs/breeze in the afternoon through the Transverse Ranges.

The hilly terrain with diverse soils leads to a wide range of different site conditions.

180
Q

What grape varieties is Dry Creek Valley AVA best known for?

What other grape varieties are produced?

A

Zinfandel and Sauvignon Blanc

Cab Sauv, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Cab Franc as well as Rhône varieties - Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, Carignan, Cinsaut

181
Q

What is the key feature of Edna Valley AVA?

A

It is known for being one of the coolest areas in California.

The valley is located just 8km from the Pacific Ocean and is oriented northwest-southeast and receives cold air/breezes from Morro Bay to the north.

182
Q

Describe the climate and cooling influences present in Alexander Valley AVA

A

Warm climate
Cooled in the evenings by cold air funneled through the Petaluma Gap and Russian River Valley

183
Q

Significant producers in Santa Cruz Mountains AVA

A

Ridge Vineyards
Mount Eden Vineyards

184
Q

Significant producers of Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon

A

Screaming Eagle
Harlan Esate
Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars
Grgich Hills Estate

185
Q

Significant producers Sonoma Coast AVA

A

Aubert
Occidental

186
Q

What varieties are grown in Mendocino county?

A

The coastal areas (eg Anderson Valley) tend to specialize in Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and aromatic whites.

More inland areas (eg Redwood Valley) are able to ripen Cab Sauv, Syrah, Zinfandel, Petite Sirah. Though those at high altitude (eg Potter Valley) can still ripen aromatic whites eg Sauv, Riesling.

187
Q

Describe the trade structure in California

A

5,900 grape growers
4,800 bonded wineries

*Many producers own vineyards, but it is common to buy grapes from other producers and/or sell grapes to other producers
*Bought-in wine can be blended in to create a regional blend or kept separate. This helps extend the range of offering which can be beneficial for wine club, cellar door

*Estate wineries do exist but typically very small

188
Q

Where is Alexander Valley AVA located?

A

The northwest corner of Sonoma county.

189
Q

Who pioneered the labelling of California wine with the name of a grape variety and place name rather than the name of a European wine (eg Chablis)?

A

Robert Mondavi

190
Q

Why is Napa Valley protected from pressure by housing development?

A

Though it is very close to San Francisco, the Napa Valley has been protected by the Napa Valley Agricultural Preserve which offered tax benefits to people who kept rather than developed vineyard land.

Today nearly 90% of land in Napa is under a high level of protection from development.

191
Q

Describe Santa Ynez Valley AVA

A

A large AVA covering both cool coastal areas and warmer inland areas

4 sub-AVAs

192
Q

What are the two main areas of Arroyo Seco AVA?

What grape varieties do they each grow?

A

Arroyo Seco Canyon and Salinas Valley floor

Within the canyon, vineyards are more sheltered from Pacific influence and grow Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Zinfandel

Valley floor more exposed to afternoon breezes, growing Chardonnay and Riesling

193
Q

Describe the climate of Bennett Valley AVA

A

Surrounded by hills leading to warm, sheltered conditions during the day

A break in the hills let in cool breezes and fog at night

194
Q

How are vines typically trained in Lodi?

How are some older vines trained?

A

Usually cordon-trained and VSP-trellised*

Bush vines

*replacement cane would take too much labor

195
Q

Soils in Paso Robles

A

Calcareous soils (uncommon in Calif.) found throughout much of the AVA

Some areas have a clay-texture soil and moderate rainfall meaning dry farming is possible

196
Q

What are wines produced in Central Valley generally labeled?

A

California

There is no AVA for Central Valley, San Joaquin Valley or Sacramento Valley

197
Q

Describe the style, quality and price of Anderson Valley Pinot Noir

A

Medium body, medium(+) acidity and fresh raspberry, cherry and plum fruit

Quality: good to outstanding
Price: Premium, some super-premium

198
Q

What is the general quality level and price of wines from Santa Barbara County?

A

Good to outstanding
Mid to super premium

199
Q

Where is Carneros AVA located?

A

Between Napa and Sonoma counties with San Pablo Bay to the south

200
Q

What mountain ranges influence the climate in Lake County?

A

The county is in the rain shadow of the Mayacamas Mountains to the west and the Vaca Range to the east.

Results in a warm climate

201
Q

What is the size of Napa Valley?

What is the area under vine?

What geographical features border it?

A

50km long by 8km wide

18,200ha

Mayacamas mountains to the east shelter the valley from the Pacific. Vaca mountains to the west protect the valley from the hot Central Valley. Open to San Pablo Bay in the south. Cool air and fog is pulled in from the bay as vineyard temperatures warm in the afternoon.

202
Q

What is the general style of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from the Yountville, Stags Leap, Oakville and Rutherford AVAs?

A

Concentrated ripe fruit, med(+) to full body and high ripe tannins and juicy blackberry, plum and blackcurrant flavors with spice (licorice, clove) or herbs.

Generally rounder and fruiter in youth than the more structured wines from the mountainside AVAs

203
Q

North Coast AVA encompasses large parts of which four counties?

A

Mendocino, Lake, Napa, Sonoma

204
Q

Describe the style of California Pinot Noir

A

There are two main styles

Medium(+) acidity, medium body and alcohol, red, fresh fruit flavors

Those with greater body and alcohol, medium-medium(+) acidity and black fruit or jammy flavors

*increased use of whole bunch
*new French oak common

205
Q

Where are vineyards planted in the Alexander Valley AVA?

A

On the west/southwest facing slopes and benchlands of the Mayacamas mountains
Valley floor
Elevations 100-750m

Aspect and altitude = long hours of sunshines leading high levels of color and tannins
Altitude helps to preserve acidity

206
Q

Two weather hazards in California

A

Spring frosts: typically combatted by sprinklers and frost fans

Wildfires, smoke taint

Level 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions