Caliciveridae

Question 1

What other species can we find the vesicular exanthema of swine virus?

Answer 1

Sea lions and other pinniped species

Question 2

what is the pathogenesis of VESV?

Answer 2

Transmission –> incubation 12-48 hours –> viremia

Question 3

How is VESV transmitted?

Answer 3

through feeding uncooked garbage

pig-pig transmission by contact or aerosols

Question 4

What are clinical signs and lesions of VESV?

Answer 4

Fever, depression, anorexia
formation of vesicles in mouth, snout, skin b/w and above the hooves
Vesicles rupture leading to ulcerative lesions
Severe four footed lameness

Question 5

What other disease can VESV look like?

Answer 5

Foot and mouth disease

Question 6

Do we vaccinate for VESV?

Answer 6

Not recommended

Question 7

What is the feline calicivirus genus?

Answer 7

Vesivirus

Question 8

What are the characteristics of caliciveridae?

Answer 8

ss (+) RNA

No envelope

Question 9

What are the 2 other species that can be affected by vesivirus?

Answer 9

Canine

Rabbit - Hemorrhagic fever

Question 10

How is FCV transmitted?

Answer 10

Direct and indirect contact

Carriers are common

Question 11

Where does FCV persist?

Answer 11

tonsillar and other oropharyngeal tissue

Question 12

What can potentiate FCV shedding in cats?

Answer 12

FIV infection

Question 13

What can predispose cats to FCV?

Answer 13

overcrowding
poor ventilation
poor hygiene

Question 14

How will we get acute disease, mild or no disease, and recovered carriers with FCV?

Answer 14

Acute disease - virus shed in large quantities
Mild or no disease - virus shed in reduced quantity and duration
Recovered carrier - continuous shedding, infection of kittens as maternal Ab wane, acute disease cats

Question 15

What can decrease the chance of transmitting FCV disease in catteries?

Answer 15

separately housing visiting females and males

Question 16

Are there clinically healthy carriers of FCV? If yes, how can we detect them?

Answer 16

Yes

oropharyngeal swab

Question 17

What are FCV clinical signs and lesions?

Answer 17

Fever, depression, anorexia
ocular and nasal discharge
conjunctivitis and mild respiratory signs
Stomatitis - gingivitis
oral ulcers
Lameness
focal alveolitis - exudative pneumonia (proliferative interstitial pneumonia)

Question 18

What may cause lameness in FCV?

Answer 18

macrophages containing virus in synovial membranes of joints

Question 19

What is important for immunity from FCV in cats?

Answer 19

Virus-neutralizing Ab

CMI response

Question 20

How do we diagnose FCV?

Answer 20

1. clinical signs and lesions
2. virus isolation - cell culture from oropharyngeal and conjunctival swabs
3. IFA - viral antigen
4. ELISA
5. Immunohistochemistry
6. RT-PCR - most widely used, less sensitive than isolation

No characteristic or consistent findings on CBC, biochem and UA

Question 21

Are vaccines available for FCV?

Answer 21

Yes = core vaccine
Modified live
Inactivated

Question 22

What vaccine should be used in queens and immunocompromised cats to prevent FCV? Why?

Answer 22

Inactivated

provides CMI

Question 23

When should you vaccinate queens for FCV? What does this do?

Answer 23

prior to breeding

Ensure great maternal immunity in the kitten

Question 24

Does the FCV vaccine protect cats from the virus?

Answer 24

Does not protect cats from infection or shedding

Prevents acute oral and UR disease

Question 25

Why do some vets suggest switching FCV vaccines if one doesn’t appear effective? What vaccine may provide protection from multiple strains?

Answer 25

high mutation rates

Multivalent inactivated vaccine - combines multiple strains for broader immunity

Question 26

What are two complications with canine calicivirus? Is there a vaccine?

Answer 26

Gastroenteritis
vesicular genital disease

Yes

Question 27

What test for FCV is 100% diagnostic?

Answer 27

Viral isolation

Not isolating does not mean feline is not infected

Question 28

What is a disadvantage of IFA dx for FCV?

Answer 28

may indicate shedding carrier (false positive)
may indicate recent vaccination
False negatives may occure