Caliciveridae Flashcards
What other species can we find the vesicular exanthema of swine virus?
Sea lions and other pinniped species
what is the pathogenesis of VESV?
Transmission –> incubation 12-48 hours –> viremia
How is VESV transmitted?
through feeding uncooked garbage
pig-pig transmission by contact or aerosols
What are clinical signs and lesions of VESV?
Fever, depression, anorexia
formation of vesicles in mouth, snout, skin b/w and above the hooves
Vesicles rupture leading to ulcerative lesions
Severe four footed lameness
What other disease can VESV look like?
Foot and mouth disease
Do we vaccinate for VESV?
Not recommended
What is the feline calicivirus genus?
Vesivirus
What are the characteristics of caliciveridae?
ss (+) RNA
No envelope
What are the 2 other species that can be affected by vesivirus?
Canine
Rabbit - Hemorrhagic fever
How is FCV transmitted?
Direct and indirect contact
Carriers are common
Where does FCV persist?
tonsillar and other oropharyngeal tissue
What can potentiate FCV shedding in cats?
FIV infection
What can predispose cats to FCV?
overcrowding
poor ventilation
poor hygiene
How will we get acute disease, mild or no disease, and recovered carriers with FCV?
Acute disease - virus shed in large quantities
Mild or no disease - virus shed in reduced quantity and duration
Recovered carrier - continuous shedding, infection of kittens as maternal Ab wane, acute disease cats
What can decrease the chance of transmitting FCV disease in catteries?
separately housing visiting females and males
Are there clinically healthy carriers of FCV? If yes, how can we detect them?
Yes
oropharyngeal swab
What are FCV clinical signs and lesions?
Fever, depression, anorexia
ocular and nasal discharge
conjunctivitis and mild respiratory signs
Stomatitis - gingivitis
oral ulcers
Lameness
focal alveolitis - exudative pneumonia (proliferative interstitial pneumonia)
What may cause lameness in FCV?
macrophages containing virus in synovial membranes of joints
What is important for immunity from FCV in cats?
Virus-neutralizing Ab
CMI response
How do we diagnose FCV?
- clinical signs and lesions
- virus isolation - cell culture from oropharyngeal and conjunctival swabs
- IFA - viral antigen
- ELISA
- Immunohistochemistry
- RT-PCR - most widely used, less sensitive than isolation
No characteristic or consistent findings on CBC, biochem and UA
Are vaccines available for FCV?
Yes = core vaccine
Modified live
Inactivated
What vaccine should be used in queens and immunocompromised cats to prevent FCV? Why?
Inactivated
provides CMI
When should you vaccinate queens for FCV? What does this do?
prior to breeding
Ensure great maternal immunity in the kitten
Does the FCV vaccine protect cats from the virus?
Does not protect cats from infection or shedding
Prevents acute oral and UR disease
Why do some vets suggest switching FCV vaccines if one doesn’t appear effective? What vaccine may provide protection from multiple strains?
high mutation rates
Multivalent inactivated vaccine - combines multiple strains for broader immunity
What are two complications with canine calicivirus? Is there a vaccine?
Gastroenteritis
vesicular genital disease
Yes
What test for FCV is 100% diagnostic?
Viral isolation
Not isolating does not mean feline is not infected
What is a disadvantage of IFA dx for FCV?
may indicate shedding carrier (false positive)
may indicate recent vaccination
False negatives may occure
