calculos renales

Question 1

What are kidney stones also known as?

Answer 1

Renal calculi

Question 2

True or False: Kidney stones can form in any part of the urinary tract.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

Answer 3

Calcium oxalate stones

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Kidney stones are formed when there is a high concentration of ______ in the urine.

Answer 4

Minerals

Question 5

What are the two main types of calcium stones?

Answer 5

Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate

Question 6

What is a common symptom of kidney stones?

Answer 6

Severe pain in the back or side

Question 7

What imaging technique is often used to diagnose kidney stones?

Answer 7

CT scan

Question 8

True or False: All kidney stones require surgical intervention.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What dietary change can help prevent calcium oxalate stones?

Answer 9

Increase fluid intake

Question 10

What is the medical term for the procedure that uses sound waves to break kidney stones?

Answer 10

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Question 11

Which type of kidney stone is associated with urinary tract infections?

Answer 11

Struvite stones

Question 12

What is the role of citrate in preventing kidney stones?

Answer 12

It binds calcium and inhibits stone formation

Question 13

List one risk factor for developing kidney stones.

Answer 13

Dehydration

Question 14

What is the main component of uric acid stones?

Answer 14

Uric acid

Question 15

True or False: Kidney stones can cause urinary obstruction.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What type of stone is often found in patients with gout?

Answer 16

Uric acid stones

Question 17

Fill in the blank: A diet high in ______ can increase the risk of calcium oxalate stones.

Answer 17

Oxalate

Question 18

What is the purpose of a ureteroscopy in the treatment of kidney stones?

Answer 18

To remove stones from the ureter

Question 19

True or False: Kidney stones are more common in men than women.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is a common preventive medication for recurrent calcium stones?

Answer 20

Thiazide diuretics

Question 21

What symptom may indicate the presence of kidney stones in the urine?

Answer 21

Hematuria (blood in urine)

Question 22

What is the name of the process where stones are removed through the skin using a nephroscope?

Answer 22

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Question 23

What lifestyle change can help reduce the risk of kidney stones?

Answer 23

Maintaining a healthy weight

Question 24

Fill in the blank: High levels of ______ in the blood can lead to calcium stones.

Answer 24

Calcium

Question 25

What type of imaging is used to visualize stones in the kidney?

Answer 25

Ultrasound

Question 26

True or False: All kidney stones are painful.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Which mineral is often limited in the diet to reduce the risk of calcium stones?

Answer 27

Sodium

Question 28

What is the primary treatment goal for kidney stones?

Answer 28

To relieve pain and facilitate stone passage

Question 29

What is the role of hydration in preventing kidney stones?

Answer 29

It dilutes the substances that form stones.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: ______ stones are more common in patients with metabolic disorders.

Answer 30

Cystine

Question 31

What is the dietary recommendation for someone with uric acid stones?

Answer 31

Limit purine-rich foods

Question 32

True or False: Kidney stones can lead to kidney damage if left untreated.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is the common pain medication used for kidney stone pain?

Answer 33

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Question 34

Which imaging method is least likely to be used for diagnosing kidney stones?

Answer 34

X-ray

Question 35

What is a major complication of kidney stones?

Answer 35

Infection

Question 36

Fill in the blank: ______ is a common symptom that may accompany kidney stones.

Answer 36

Nausea

Question 37

What type of stone is associated with a high urine pH?

Answer 37

Struvite stones

Question 38

What is one common method for managing small kidney stones?

Answer 38

Watchful waiting

Question 39

True or False: Kidney stones can recur after treatment.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is the typical size range for stones that may pass spontaneously?

Answer 40

Less than 5 mm

Question 41

What dietary component can increase the risk of uric acid stones?

Answer 41

High protein intake

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The presence of ______ in urine can indicate a risk for stone formation.

Answer 42

Cystine

Question 43

What is the first-line treatment for acute kidney stone pain?

Answer 43

Opioids or NSAIDs

Question 44

True or False: Most kidney stones are diagnosed by a physical exam alone.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

What condition is associated with cystine stones?

Answer 45

Cystinuria

Question 46

What is the recommended fluid intake for preventing kidney stones?

Answer 46

At least 2-3 liters per day

Question 47

Fill in the blank: The use of ______ is important in managing recurrent calcium oxalate stones.

Answer 47

Dietary modifications

Question 48

What is one method to analyze the composition of kidney stones?

Answer 48

Stone analysis after passing or surgical removal

Question 49

True or False: All types of kidney stones require the same treatment.

Answer 49

False