+ Calcium signalling in AD

Question 1

Hallmarks of AD:

Answer 1

• Neurofibrillary tangles inside neurons
• Amyloid plaques outside neurons

Question 2

Physiological changes with AD:

Answer 2

• Nerve cells dies
• Brain shrinks
• Functional deterioration

Question 3

APOE4 and amyloid pathway:

Answer 3

• Amyloid pathway mutations (including APOE4)
• Amyloidogenic pathways
• Severe Ca2+ signalosome remodelling (becomes hypersensitive to calcium fluctuations
• Severe early cognitive decline and neuronal cell death
• Familial AD

Question 4

LTD in AD:

Answer 4

• Increased calcium release due to amyloid metabolism
• Increased resting cytosolic free calcium -> LTD (failure to form permanent memories)