Calcium/Magnesium Flashcards
1
Q
Risk factors for hypocalcemia
A
- hypoparathyroidism
- hypomagnesemia
- kidney failure
- Vitamin D deficiency
5 inadequate intake - GI loss
- Disease process (celiac’s, lactose intolerance, Crohn’s, alcohol use disorder)
2
Q
Manifestations of hypocalcemia
A
- tetany, cramps
- paresthesia
- dysrhythmias
- Trousseau’s sign
- Chvostek’s sign
- seizures
- hyperreflexia
- impaired clotting time
3
Q
Interventions for hypocalcemia
A
- seizure precautions
- IV calcium replacement
- Daily calcium supplements
- Vitamin D therapy
- Monitor for orthostatic hypotension
- Dietary increase and education
4
Q
How is Calcium given IV?
A
IV calcium must be administered slowly and the site monitored for extravasation. It is diluted in D5W, NEVER in NS
5
Q
What electrolyte does calcium have an inverse relationship with?
A
phosphorus
6
Q
Risk factors for hypercalcemia
A
- hyperparathyroidism
- malignant disease
- Prolonged immobilization
- dehydration
- Vitamin D excess
- thiazide diuretics
- lithium
- glucocorticoids
9 digoxin toxicity - overuse of calcium supplements
- hyperthyroidism
7
Q
Manifestations of hypercalcemia
A
- muscle weakness
- hypercalciuria (kidney stones)
- dysrhythmias
- lethargy/coma
- hyporeflexia
- pathologic fractures
- flank pain
- deep bone pain
- polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration
10 hypertension - N/V
8
Q
Interventions for hypercalcemia
A
- increase mobility
- Isotonic IVF
- Dialysis
- Cardiac monitoring
- Medications (furosemide, calcitonin, glucocorticoids, bisphosphonates, calcium chelators)
9
Q
Risk factors for hypomagnesemia
A
- GI loss
- alcoholism
- hypocalcemia
- hypokalemia
- DKA
- hyperparathyroidism
- malabsorption
- TPN
- laxative abuse
- Acute MI
- Meds (diuretics)
10
Q
Manifestations of hypomagnesemia
A
- paresthesias
- dysrhythmias
- trousseau’s sign
- Chvostek’s sign
- agitation, confusion
- hyperreflexia
- HTN
- insomnia, irritability
- anorexia, N/V
- dysphagia
11
Q
Interventions for hypomagnesemia
A
- seizure precautions
- monitor swallowing
- dietary measures and education
- Administer meds (IV mag sulfate, PO mag salts)
- monitor Urinary output
- monitor respirations
12
Q
risk factors for hypermagnesemia
A
- renal failure
- excessive mg++ therapy
- adrenal insufficiency
- laxative overuse
- lithium toxicity
- extensive soft tissue injury or necrosis
13
Q
Manifestations of hypermagesemia
A
- hypotension
- drowsiness
- bradycardia
- bradypnea
- coma
- cardiac arrest
- hyporeflexia
- N/V
- facial flushing
- Decreased DTR
14
Q
Interventions for Hypermagnesemia
A
- mechanical ventilation
- IV fluids: LR or NS
- Administer meds (IV calcium gluconate; Loop diuretics)
- monitor respiration and blood pressure
- monitor DTR
