Calcium

Question 0

How is serum calcium transported?

Answer 0

Biologically active free ionised to 1.0-1.3mM

Or bound to plasma proteins / complex with citrate

Question 1

What are Calcium serum levels?

Answer 1

2.2-2.5M

Question 2

Where is calcium mostly stored?

Answer 2

In the skeleton bones

Question 3

Functions of calcium?

Answer 3

Blood clotting
Bones and teeth
Intracellular signalling
Muscle contraction
Nerve and muscle function
Kidney function
Blood cholesterol
Reduces bp
Regulates activity of enzymes and some hormone receptor binding
Passage of nutrients in and out of cell wall
Regulates heart rhythm

Question 4

How is calcium stored as bone?

Answer 4

In hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 5

Where is bone calcium exchanged with?

Answer 5

ECF

Question 6

How much calcium is consumed in diet?

Answer 6

1000mg/day

Question 7

Where is Ca lost?

Answer 7

GI and ruination

Question 8

Role of skeleton in calcium?

Answer 8

Buffers serum levels
Releasing CaPhosphate into Intersticium
Uptake of Calcium Phosphate

Question 9

How many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

Where is the parathyroid found?

Answer 10

Behind the thyroid - mustard yellow colour

Question 11

Types of cells found in parathyroid?

Answer 11

Adipose
Chief
Oxyphil cells

Question 12

What coloured staining are oxyphil cells?

Answer 12

Light pale pink

Question 13

What do chief cells do?

Answer 13

Sythesis of PTH and degrading.

Question 14

How are PTH degraded?

Answer 14

Cleavage of PTH accelerated by high serum calcium levels

Question 15

Where is PTH cleared?

Answer 15

Liver