Calcium

Question 1

Functions of calcium

Answer 1

Fertilization
Secretions
Apoptosis
proliration
Survival
action potential
Contraction
Metabolism
Necrosis
Learning and memory

Question 2

Why theres a large difference between intracellular and extracellular ca

Answer 2

A little movement produces a large change
Disvantage ca overload leads to dysregulation and cell death

Question 3

How Ca gradient is set up

Answer 3

1 membrane is relatively impermmiable
2 PMCA
3 Na Ca exchanger
4 Ca buffer( binds to Ca and limits diffusion)

Question 4

Releasing ca from SR stores by ryonodine receptors during excitation contraction coupling

Answer 4

In SK by visical coupling with voltage gated ca channels
In cardiac muscles by CICR

Question 5

Inositol tri phophate receptor(ligand gated ion channels)

Answer 5

When ligand binds to GPCR it causes activation of phospholipace C enzyme that nbreaks PIP2 into DAG and IP3

Question 6

Elevating intracelular ca through

Answer 6

1 through plasma membrane by
A voltage gated ca channel
B ligand gated ca channel

2 through intracellular stores
A rapidlly releasable
-GPCR
-Ryanodine
B non rapidly releasable (mitochondria)

Question 7

Mitochondria can play a role in (particularly)

Answer 7

Neuronal ca signaling releases ca by Na ca exchand

Question 8

Return to basal conditions requires:

Answer 8

. Termination of signal ii. Ca2+removal
iii. Ca2+ store refilling

Question 9

How are stores refilled

Answer 9

Recycling of released

store-operated Ca2+ entry(capacitative)