2,2 Flashcards
Ion gradients are maintained by
Ion channels and ATP dependent ion pumps
Na K pump job
Forms Na and K gradients
Ca concentration is 20000 times greater in in side than in outside
Ca regulation
The main regulator is NA CA exchanger (high capacity and low affinity ) its function depnds on membrane potential
Plasma membrane Ca ATPase(PMCA) low capacity and high affinity
Sarco/endo plasmic reticulum Ca ATPase(SERCA)
Uniporter very high amounts
Na Ca exchanger
Its electrogenic the current is moving toward the sodium gradient
Ca influx during cardiac potential is important
In ischemia
Bc it takes only few msec
In ischemia bc lack of ATP it will reverse and bring Ca so it leads to ca toxcicty and apoptosis
Regulation of PH is mainly through
Cells buffering mechanisms
When its exceeded PH is regulated by
Transporters
Bro sar du rasmaka
The CO2/HCO3 equilibrium
Is the bodys central PH buffering system
Rapid bicarbonate transport across the plasma membrane is essential
to maintain cellular and whole body pH, to dispose of metabolic waste CO2, and to control fluid movement in our bodies.
Cel volume is regulated by
Volume regulatory mechanisms
The volume regulatory increase will be activated in response to cellular shrinkage
And volume regulatory decrease will be activated in response to cellular swelling
Shna swk malzama
Hi shrinkage 3 danan
Hi swelling 4 dana
Mechanisms that deal with acid build up
H excretion and HCO3 reabsorbtion in kidney
CO2 excrition through the lungs
an extensive buffering system to neutralize acid.
Wena
The driving force for Na reabsorbtion is
Low intracellular Na
