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Micro_Bugs and Drugs Flashcards > Caitlin Hi Yield > Flashcards

Caitlin Hi Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Triple therapy for G- curved urease + rod

A

Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
PPI (e.g. Prilosec)
(+ Bismuth, if Quadruple therapy)

Clarissa the stripper is gonna exterminate your h. Pylori

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2
Q

Meningitis txs

A

Vancomycin: broad spectrum
Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin): for neisseria meningitidis; HENPECKS
Ampicillin: for Listeria (young and old)

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3
Q

Pregnant women with + Strep Agalactiae culture receive what prophylaxis?

A

Penicillin

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4
Q

ABCDEFG of Diptheria

A 
A: ADP-ribosylation
B: B-prophage
C: Corynebacterium
D: Diptheria
E: EF-2/ ELEK Test
G: Granules (red/blue)
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5
Q

Spore Forming Bacteria

A 
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Bacillus cereus (Reheated rice syndrome)
Coxiella burnetti (Q Fever, animal placenta)

Clostridium botulinum (floppy baby)
Clostridium perfringens (Gas gangrene)
Clostridium tetani (Lock jaw, Risus Sardonicus)
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6
Q

MOA C. tetani

A

blocks glycine and GABA release (inhibits Inhibitory NTs)

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7
Q

MOA C. botulinum

A

toxin inhibits ACh release at NMJ

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8
Q

Tx. for C. diff

A

Metronidazole or Vanco (PO)

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9
Q

Only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule

A

Bacillus anthracis

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10
Q

3 Factors of Anthrax

A

1) Protective Ag: carries EF and LF, penetrates cells
2) Edema Factor (EF): induces cAMP; PA + EF –> edema
3) Lethal Factor (LF): PA + LF –> death

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11
Q

Tx. pulmonary anthrax

A

Doxy and Cipro

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12
Q

What would you see on CXR of pulmonary anthrax?

A

“ground glass” and mediastinal widening

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13
Q

Tumbling motility and Actin Rockets

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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14
Q

sulfur granules, G+anaerobe. How would you treat?

A

Penicillin –> Actinomyces

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15
Q

acid fast G+ aerobe found in soil. How would you treat?

A

Sulfonamides –> Nocardia

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16
Q

Why are obligate anaerobes susceptible?

A

Lack catalase/superoxide dismutase

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17
Q

Why aminoglycosides ineffective against obligate anaerobes?

A

Require O2 to enter into cell

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18
Q

Prophylactic treatment of mycobacterium avium intracellulare non-TB disease

A

Azithromycin

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19
Q

Primary virulence factor of TB and what does it do?

A

Cord factor. Inhibits macrophage maturation and induces TNFa release

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20
Q

Diffuse skin sores caused by acid fast bacillus that likes cool temperatures. What is immune response like?

A

Low cell-mediated immunity with TH2 response

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21
Q

Diffuse skin sores caused by acid fast bacillus that likes cool temperatures. Treatment?

A

Dapsone + Rifampin + Clofazimine

2-3 yrs

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22
Q

Few hairless skin plaques caused by acid fast bacillus that likes cool temperatures. What is immune response like?

A

High cell-mediated immunity with TH1 response

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23
Q

Few hairless skin plaques caused by acid fast bacillus that likes cool temperatures. Treatment?

A

Dapsone + Rifampin

6 mo.

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24
Q

G(-)Comma shaped Oxidase+ bacteria that grows in 42C temp

A

C. jejuni

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25
Q

G(-)Comma shaped Oxidase+ bacteria that grows in alkaline media

A

Vibrio cholerase

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26
Q

G(-) maltose-non-fermenting diplococci

A

N. gonorrhea

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27
Q

G(-) maltose-fermenting diplococci

A

N. meningitidis

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28
Q

G(-)R lactose nonfermenters

A 
Psuedomonas
Proteus
Pylori (H.)
Salmonella
Shigella
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29
Q

Name G(-)R lactose fermenters. What would you grow them in?

A

E. Coli
Kleb
Serratia

MacConkey agar

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30
Q

How would lactose fermenters present on EMB agar?

A

Purple/black colonies

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31
Q

G(-) maltose-fermenting diplococci infection found on your significant other. What will the doctor prescribe to you?

A

Cipro
Ceftriaxone
Rifampin

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32
Q

G(-) maltose-fermenting diplococci infection found on your significant other. What will the doctor prescribe her?

A

Ceftriaxone

Penicillin G

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33
Q

G(-) maltose-non-fermenting diplococci infection found on you. What will the doctor prescribe?

A

Ceftriaxone +

Azithromycin/Doxy (for chlamydia co-infection)

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34
Q

G(-)R meningitis infection dx.’d with factors V and X. What would you treat with?

A

Ceftriaxone

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35
Q

G(-)R meningitis infection dx.’d with factors V and X. What would you treat close contacts with?

A

Rifampin

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36
Q

G(-)R aerosol transmission from water source. What stain and agar would you use?

A

Silver stain.

BCYE + Iron + Cysteine

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37
Q

G(-)R aerosol transmission from water source. What meds would you use to treat?

A

Macrolide/Quinolone

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38
Q

Pseudomonas mnemonic

A 
P:neumonia (cystic fibrosis pts. - biofilm!)
S:epsis (black skin lesions)
E:xternal otitis (swimmer's ear)
U:TIs
D:rug use/Diabetic-
O:stemyelitis

-Hot tub folliculitis

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39
Q

Tx. pseudomonas

A

Aminoglycoside + extended spectrum Penicillin (Piperacillin/Ticarcillin)

40
Q

Mechanism of EIEC

Causes what?

A

Invades intestines

Causes necrosis and inflammation

41
Q

Mechanism of ETEC

Causes what?

A

Labile and stabile toxins cause damage

Causes Traveler’s diarrhea

42
Q

Mechanism of EPEC

Causes what?

A

Apical surface adhere to flatten villi

Pediatrics diarrhea

43
Q

Mechanism of EHEC

Causes what?

A

Shiga-like Toxin and Mechanical hemolysis, reducing renal blood flow

HUS (Thrombocytopenia, Anemia, Renal failure)
Dysentery

44
Q

How does EHEC differ from other E. coli?

A

Does not ferment sorbitol

45
Q

4 A’s of Klebsiella

A

A-spiration pneumonia
A-bscesses in liver and lungs
A-lcoholics and
di-A-betics

46
Q

Salmonella Quick Facts

A
  • swim (flagella) through blood in an animal (salmon)
  • H2S + (salmon swim UP stream, think +)
  • Invades intestines
  • MONOcytes (replicates inside the mucosa cells)
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Lactose NON-fermenter (salmon isn’t sweet)
47
Q

Shigella Quick Facts

A
  • cell to cell (“LL” adjacent to each other) only in humans/primates
  • H2S - (i looks like a minus sign sideways)
  • Invades intestines too
  • NEUtrophils (because it rips mucosa cells open)
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Lactose NON-fermenter (bloody diarrhea isn’t sweet)
48
Q

Comma shaped, Oxidase +, 42 degrees.
Transmission?
Sources?
Related diseases?

A
  • Fecal-oral
  • Chicken, meat, unpasteurized milk
  • Guillain Barre & Reactive Arthritis
49
Q

Comma shaped, Oxidase +, Alkaline media
MOA?
Disease?

A
  • Activates Gs and increases cAMP

- Rice water diarrhea

50
Q

Cause of Mesenteric Adenitis

Sources?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

- pet poop, contaminated milk, pork

51
Q

Spirochete-shaped bacteria

A

Borrelia
Leptospira
Treponema

Spyro the Dragon loves BLT sandwiches from subway.

52
Q

Weil’s Disease signs and symptoms?

Causative agent’s transmission?

A
  • azotemia + jaundice, hemorrhage, fever, and anemia

- direct contact with animal urine

53
Q

Treatment for a condition presenting with Facial n. palsy, arthritis, cardiac block, and erythema migrans

A

Amoxicillin
Ceftriaxone
Doxycycline

“Lyme”s are ACiDic, but you have to have some “moxie” to “try” it at the “docks”

54
Q

Arthropod vector for Endemic Relapsing Fever

A

Soft Tick

“RusTICK Cabin setting is SOFT and warm”

55
Q

Arthropod vector for Epidemic Relapsing Fever. Treatment?

A

Louse/Lice

I “PiTy” those in Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Sudan, traypped in “Pens” and trying to get out of that vicious “cycle”.

56
Q

Maculopapular palmar and sole rash with condylomata lata. What diagnostic tests would be helpful?

A

Screen: VDRL
Confirm: FTA-Abs
Treponemes can be directly visualized on Dark-Field Microscopy

57
Q

Gummas, vasa vasorum destruction, tabes dorsalis, and pupils that accommodate but do not react (Argyll Robertson). DOC?

A

Penicillin G

58
Q

Causes of False + VDRL?

A

V - viruses (hep and mono)
D - drugs
R - rheumatic fever
L - lupus & leprosy

59
Q

What is the Jarish-Herxheimer reaction?

A

Flu-like symptoms post -ABX started

60
Q

Glanders

Tx?

A

Burkholderia Mallei

Amoxicillin, Clavulanate, Doxy, TMP-SMX

61
Q

Meliodosis/Whitmore disease

Tx?

A

Burkholderia Pseudomallei

Amoxicillin, Clavulanate, Doxy, TMP-SMX

62
Q

Regional lymphadenopathy, bacillary angiomatosis causative agent?

A

Bartonella henselae –> Cat Scratch Disease

63
Q

Unpasteurized dairy, aborted fetuses, inhalation of aerosols. causative agent?

DOC?

A

Doxy + Rifampin

64
Q

Zoonotic bloody diarrhea transmitted by ingestion of undercooked meat

A

Campylobacter

65
Q

Treatment of disease caused by inhaling aerosols of animals

66
Q

Lone Star tick pathogen

A

Erlichia chaffeensis

67
Q

Dry cough, dyspnea, chest pain, lobar pneumonia caused by G(-) rod and dx. using BCYE

A

Francisella tularensis

68
Q

Animal bite of cats or dogs causing cellulitis, osteomyelitis caused by what:?

A

Pasteurella multocida

69
Q

Dermacentor tick bite; Rocky mountain spotted fever caused by what?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

70
Q

Gram(-) Rod with Oxidase -; cold enrichment

What would you see on tests?

A

Bi-polar safety-pin staining

71
Q

Treatment for fishy, gray vaginal discharge with Clue cells.

A

Metronidazole

72
Q

Severe bone pain in back and legs with high fever and rash reoccurring q5d. Lice vector.
Pathogen?
Tx?

A

Bartonella quintana

Doxycycline, Erythromycin

73
Q

Acute presentation:anemia, myalgia, arthralgia. Ecuador and Colombia. Chronic with cutaneous nodules. Sand Fly vector.
Dz?
Pathogen?
Tx?

A

Oroya Fever/Carrion Disease

Bartonella bacilliformis

Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol

74
Q

Tx for all rickettsial diseases?

A

Doxycycline (just like Lyme Dz)

75
Q

Centripetal rash starting at wrists and ankles, then spreads to trunk, palm, soles. G(-)R. Causative Agent?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

76
Q

Centripetal rash starting at wrists and ankles, then spreads to trunk, palm, soles. G(-)R. Best diagnostic modality?

A

Serology: detects Abs

77
Q

Centripetal rash starting at wrists and ankles, then spreads to trunk, palm, soles. Disease?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

78
Q

Endemic typhus vector

79
Q

Endemic typhus causative agent

A

Rickettsia Typhi

80
Q

Epidemic Typhus vector

A

Lice and Flying squirrels

81
Q

Epidemic typus causative agent

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

82
Q

Complication/reactivation of disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii

A

Brill Zinsser Disease

83
Q

Monocytes with morula in cytoplasm

Causative agent?

84
Q

Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Rash, Eastern United states. Likely Causative agent?

85
Q

Granulocytes with morula in cytoplasm. Causative agent?

86
Q

Asian male presents with fever, myalgia, flat maculopapular rash with scab at bite. Chigger vector. Causative agent?

A

Orientia Tsutsugamushi

87
Q

Elementary “entering” body. Causative agent?

88
Q

Reticulate “replicative” body. Causative agent?

89
Q

What does the chlamydial cell wall lack?

A

Muramic acid

90
Q

Atypical pneumonia. Avian reservoir. Causative agent?

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

91
Q

Tx for chalmydia

A

Azithromycin or Doxycycline

92
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis Serotype ABC Causes?

A

Africa
Blindness
Chronic infection

93
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis Serotype D-K causes?

A

Urethritis/PID
Ectopic pregnancy
Neonatal pneumonia or conjunctivitis

94
Q

Chalmydia Trachomatis L1, L2, L3 causes?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

95
Q

Walking pneumonia seen in military or prisons.. Diffuse interstitial infiltrate, but no productive cough. High Cold Agglutinins (IgM). Growth medium of choice?

A

Eaton Agar

96
Q

Walking pneumonia seen in military or prisons. Diffuse interstitial infiltrate, but no productive cough. High Cold Agglutinins (IgM). Tx. of choice?

A

Macrolide or Fluoroquinolone

97
Q

Walking pneumonia seen in military or prisons. Diffuse interstitial infiltrate, but no productive cough. High Cold Agglutinins (IgM). Causative agent?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Micro_Bugs and Drugs Flashcards (14 decks)

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