Caiology Exam rd Flashcards
Cardiac features of Down syndrome
AVSD
ASD
VSD
PDA
Cardiac features of Turner syndrome
Coarctation of the aorta
Aortic stenosis
Bicuspid aortic valve
(Left sided)
Cardiac features of FAS
ASD
VSD
Rheumatic fever features on exam (4)
JONES
J-Arthritis (Joints)
O-Carditis
N-Subcutaneous Nodules
Erythema Marginatum
Sydenham Chorea
Features of Kawasaki disease
Fever +4 of
Conjunctivitis
Strawberry coloured tongue or bright red lips
Lymphadenopathy
Extremities (oedema, palmar erythema, desquamation) and rash
Differentiate between collapsing pulse and bounding pulse
Collapsing pulse: pulse that is bounding and forceful,rapidly increasing and then collapsing. Seen in Aortic regurge or PDA). Results from rapid ejection of large LV stroke volume into a low resistance arterial system
Features:
Hugh systole and low diastole
Raised pulse pressure
Run off states:
-Aortic incompetence/regurge
-PDA
-Truncus arteriosus
-Aorto-pulmonary window
-Large AVM
Bounding pulse
Pounding or racing heart
Features:
High systole and diastole
Normal pulse pressure
Hyper dynamic circulation
-Exercise
-Hot weather
-Anaemia
-Fever
-CO2 retension
-Thyrotoxicosis
Outline the grading scale of murmurs
1&2 has to do with hearing them with or without noise
3&4 incvolves thrills
5&6 is about stage to touching chest
1: barely audible, requiring quiet room
2-soft, can be heard with some background noise
3-loud, no thrill
4- loud, with thrill
5- loud, thrill, can be heard with edge of stheto touching chest
6- loud, thrill, can be heard with stethoscope 1cm above chest
Effects of respiration on murmurs
Murmurs in the right become louder in inspiration during to increased flow to the heart
Murmurs on the left are softer on inspiration due to decreased flow, since blood accumulates in lungs on inspiration decreasing flow
Effects of respiratory on splitting of S2
Pulmonary valve closure is delayed during inspiration because of increased flow over pulmonary valve therefore second heart sound wider on inspiration. This is normal
What is pulses paradox
Fall in BP>10mmHg
What is the most common congenital heart condition
VSD
Which congenital heart conditions cause Right-to-left shunts (blue)
Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Whivh congenital heart conditions cause Left-to-right shunts (breathless)
VSD
Persistent Arterial duct
ASD
Which congenital heart condition causes common mixing of blood (breathless and blue)
• Atrioventricular septal defect (complete) 2%
Which congenital heart conditions cause Outflow obstruction in a well child (asymptomatic with a murmur)
Pulmonary stenosis
Aortic stenosis
