CAIA - 20 - Farmland and Timber Investments Flashcards
There are 3 primary motivations for adding farmland investments:
- ___ ___
- ___
- Increase in value due to ___
There are 3 primary motivations for adding farmland investments:
- Inflation hedge
- Diversification
- Increase in value due to shortage
Farmland has an ___ supply, so higher prices result in ___increases in supply.
Farmland has an inelastic supply, so higher prices result in marginal increases in supply.
Farmland returns are not typically linked to financial market returns because it is ___ ___, ___and generally ___.
Farmland returns are not typically linked to financial market returns because it is privately held, subsidized and generally unlevered.
___ data is available about farmland in the U.S. than other countries.
More data is available about farmland in the U.S. than other countries.
___ institutional investment is made in European farmland.
Little institutional investment is made in European farmland.
Investment in global farmland are exposed to the following risks:
- ___
- Integration of ___and ___markets.
Investment in global farmland are exposed to the following risks:
- Expropriation
- Integration of agricultural and energy markets.
Over the past decades, farmland returns have ___ and timberland returns have ___.
Over the past decades, farmland returns have increased and timberland returns have decreased.
Three macro factors are driving the growth in demand for agricultural products:
- Global ___ growth
- Rising ___
- Increased ___-___uses
Three macro factors are driving the growth in demand for agricultural products:
- Global population growth
- Rising incomes
- Increased non-food uses
Growing demand for agricultural products needs to be met by an increased supply of:
- Agricultural ___
- Agricultural ___
- ___
Growing demand for agricultural products needs to be met by an increased supply of:
- Agricultural yields
- Agricultural infrastructure
- Land
In ___ and ___Asia, meat consumption is expected to rise, while consumption changes in ___Asia are less certain.
In east and southeast Asia, meat consumption is expected to rise, while consumption changes in South Asia are less certain.
Commonly grown products for biofuels include ___, ___oil, ___ and ___.
Commonly grown products for biofuels include sugarcane, rapeseed oil, corn and soybeans.
Production of biofuels from non-food agricultural products (has/has not) been successful.
Production of biofuels from non-food agricultural products has not been successful.
The key driver of biofuel demand has been ___ ___ ___.
The key driver of biofuel demand has been U.S. government policy.
Higher domestic consumption of corn has resulted in an increase in transportation by ___ and containerizationn of ___ ___ ___, which is a byproduct of ethanol production.
Higher domestic consumption of corn has resulted in an increase in transportation by rail and containerization of dried distillers grains, which is a byproduct of ethanol production.
There are 3 ways to make non-operating investments in agriculture:
- ___ farmland
- Owning ___ ___in agricultural firms
- Buying ___or ___
There are 3 ways to make non-operating investments in agriculture:
- Leasing farmland
- Owning listed equities in agricultural firms
- Buying futures or derivatives
Owning farmland for lease income has the following advantages:
- Economic benefit from ___-___technologies
- Insulation from ___risks
- ___benefits
Owning farmland for lease income has the following advantages:
- Economic benefit from yield-enhancing technologies
- Insulation from counterparty risks
- Diversification benefits
The best agricultural equity index is a ___-term, ___-weighted index constructed by ___ ___.
The best agricultural equity index is a long-term, value-weighted index constructed by Ken French.
Agricultural futures are typically accessed through ___-___products.
Agricultural futures are typically accessed through index-based products.
What is the equation for crop yield?
Y = S x I x E x H
S = Solar radioation
I = Amount solar captured by crop
E = Crop’s photosynthetic efficiency
H = Harvest index (% of harvest-able dry matter)
Growth in agricultural yields, particularly in developed countries, is due to four key factors:
- Improved ___
- Improved ___
- Increasing use of ___
- Increasing use of ___ ___
Growth in agricultural yields, particularly in developed countries, is due to four key factors:
- Improved technology
- Improved agronomy
- Increasing use of inputs
- Increasing use of capital assets
Genetic advancement has contributed little to increasing yields of crops other than ___and ___. For other crops, changes in yields have largely been attained through improved ___.
Genetic advancement has contributed little to increasing yields of crops other than corn and soybeans. For other crops, changes in yields have largely been attained through improved agronomics.
Investors in farmland should structure the farmer’s economic incentives to reflect ___ ___ ___.
Investors in farmland should structure the farmer’s economic incentives to reflect multiple time horizons.
The following macroeconomic factors have the most significance in relation to farmland investment returns:
- ___
- ___ ___
- ___ ___
- ___ ___
The following macroeconomic factors have the most significance in relation to farmland investment returns:
- Inflation
- Interest rates
- Industrial production
- U.S. Dollar
Commodity spot prices (are/are not) a significant factor for determining agricultural land value.
Commodity spot prices are not a significant factor for determining agricultural land value.
