Caesar BG Vocabulary Flashcards
ā/ab
from, away from; by (+ ablative)
ac, atque
and, and also; as, than
ad
to, toward, near; about (with numerals and dates); at, by (+ accusative)
aut, aut… aut
or, either; either… or
bellum, -ī, n.
war
castra, -ōrum, n.pl.
(military) camp
civitas, civitatis, f.
state
consilium, -ī, n.
advice; plan; council
cum
with (+ ablative); when, since; although
dē
down from, from; about, concerning; for (+ ablative)
dicō, dicere, dixī, dictus
to say; to set, appoint; to administer; to plead
dies, dieī, m./f.
day; every day (taken with “in”)
dō, dare, dedī, datus
to give, put, appoint; to grant, honor
ē/ex
out of; from; of; on; according to (+ ablative)
et, et… et
and, both, also, even; both… and
faciō, facere, fecī, factus
to do; to make; to achieve; to carry out
fines, finium, m.pl.
borders; land, territory
fiō, fierī, factus sum
to be made; to be done; to happen
Gallia, -ae, f.
Gaul
Gallus, -ī, m.
inhabitant of Gaul
habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus
to have; to hold; to keep; to make (a speech); to take (account); to regard, consider
Helvetius, -a, -um
Helvetian
hiberna, -ōrum, n.pl.
winter quarters
hic, haec, hoc
this, these; the latter; he, she, it
homo, hominis, m./f.
human, person
hostis, -is, m./f.
enemy
īdem, eadem, idem
the same
ille, illa, illud
that, those; the former; he, she, it
in
in, on; among (+ ablative); into, onto, to; against; over; among; for (+ accusative)
inter
between, among (+ accusative)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
himself, herself, itself; myself, yourself, themselves; he, she, it
is, ea, id
this; that; he, she, it
iter, itineris, n.
journey; march; route
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus
to order
legatus, -ī, m.
envoy, ambassador; lieutenant
legio, -onis, f.
legion
locus, -ī, m.
place, position; rank
magnus, -a, -um
great, large, huge; mighty; loud
miles, militis, m.
soldier
mittō, mittere, misī, missus
to send
multitudo, multitudinis, f.
crowd, multitude
navis, -is, f.
ship; warship (taken with “longa”)
nec, neque
not, nor, and… not, neither
nec… nec
neither… nor
non
not, no, by no means
noster, nostra, nostrum
our
omnis, omne
all, every, whole; as a whole
pars, partis, f.
part; direction; side
per
through, along; by; throughout (+ accusative)
possum, posse, potuī
to be able, be powerful; to be possible
prō
in front of, before; for, as; considering (+ ablative)
proelium, -ī, n.
battle
-que
and, also, even
quī, quae, quod
who, which; what; that; any
quod
because, the fact that; for the very reason that (taken with “proptereā”)
reliquus, -a, -um
remaining, rest of, other
res, reī, f.
thing; matter; affair; circumstance; supply; purpose; experience; republic, state (taken with “publica”); deed (taken with “gesta”)
sī
if; when; whether
-, suī, sibi, sē (sēsē), sē (sēsē)
himself, herself, itself, themselves; him, her, it, them; he, she, it , they
sum, esse, fuī, futurus
to be; to exist
suus, -a, -um
his, her, its, their (own)
unus, -a, -um
one, only
ut (utī)
as; so that, to…; that
videō, vidēre, vidī, visus
to see, perceive; to understand; to be seen; to seem (passive)
accidit, -ere, accidit
to happen
accipiō, accipere, accepī, acceptus
to receive; to hear
alius, alia, aliud
other, another; else; others, some (plural)
alter, altera, alterum
the one… the other, another
annus, -ī, m.
year
arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum
to think, consider
arma, -ōrum, n.pl.
weapons, arms
capiō, capere, cepī, captus
to seize, take; to form, make (with “consilium”)
causa, -ae, f.
cause, reason; case
causā
for the sake of (+ genitive)
coepī, coepisse, coeptus
to have begun
cognoscō, -ere, -novī, -nitus
to learn, learn about
cogō, -ere, coegī, coactus
to drive together, collect; to compel, force
coniciō, -ere, coniecī, coniectus
to throw, hurl
constituō, -ere, constituī, constitutus
to place, station; to establish; to decide, determine
conveniō, -īre, -venī, -ventus
to come together, gather, meet
copia, -ae, f.
supply, resources; forces, troops, supplies (plural)
discedō, -ere, -cessī, -cessūrus
to depart
eques, equitis, m.
horseman; cavalry (plural)
exercitus, -ūs, m.
army
existimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to think, consider
facile
easily
flumen, fluminis, n.
river
frumentum, -ī, n.
grain
genus, generis, n.
birth, origin; kind, class
Germanī, -ōrum, m.pl.
Germans
gravis, grave
heavy; serious; severe
interficiō, -ere, -fecī, -fectus
to kill
litterae, -ārum, f.pl.
letter, epistle; letters; writing(s)
longē
far, at a distance; by far
manus, -ūs, f.
hand; band, force (of an army)
mille (pl. milia)
thousand
mors, mortis, f.
death
multus, -a, -um
much; many (plural)
nē
so that not, not to…; that (after clauses of fearing); not (with “quidem”)
nihil
nothing, not anything; no (with genitive)
nox, noctis, f.
night
nullus, -a, -um
no; some (take with “non”)
numerus, -ī, m.
number
ordo, ordinis, m.
rank, position
periculum, -ī, n.
danger
persuadeō, -ēre, -suasī, -suasus
to persuade (+ dative)
populus, -ī, m.
people, nation
primus, -a, -um
first
proficiscor, -ī, -fectus sum
to set out, depart
proximus, -a, -um
nearest, next
publicus, -a, -um
public, common
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to fight
quam
as, than; as… as possible (with a superlative); after; before (taken with “prius”)
quis, quid
who, what; anyone, anything (after “si” or “nē”)
recipiō, -ere, -cepī, -ceptus
to receive; to go (taken with “sē”); to withdraw; to recover
Rhenus, -ī, m.
Rhine (river between Gaul and Germany)
salus, salutis, f.
well-being, safety
sed
but
summus, -a, -um
highest, greatest; most important
superior, superius
upper, higher; previous; more effective
tamen
however, still
telum, -ī, n.
spear, javelin
tempus, temporis, n.
time
tum
then, at that time
utor, utī, usus sum
to use, make use of (+ ablative)
vallum, -ī, n.
palisade of stakes on top of an embankment, rampart
veniō, venīre, venī, ventūrus
to come
virtus, virtutis, f.
valor, courage; virtue
volō, velle, voluī
to wish, want
absum, abesse, afuī, afutūrus
to be away, be absent, be lacking
Aduatucī, -ōrum, m.pl.
Belgian people of Cimbrian origin
adventus, -ūs, m.
arrival; advance, attack
ager, agrī, m.
land; field
aliquī, aliqua, aliquod
some, any
animadverto, -ere, -vertī, -versus
to observe, notice
animus, -ī, m.
mind, spirit; heart
ante
before, previously
appellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to name, call
apud
at the house of, with; among (+ accusative)
at
but
autem
however, furthermore
barbarī, -ōrum, m.pl.
barbarians
Belgae, -ārum, m.pl.
Belgians
Britannia, -ae, f.
Britain
casus, -ūs, m.
accident, chance, event; misfortune
celeritas, celeritatis, f.
speed
celeriter
quickly
certus, -a, -um
certain; fixed
circiter
about; approximately
circumveniō, -īre, -venī, -ventus
to surround
cohors, cohortis, f.
cohort (tenth part of a legion)
collocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to arrange; to place
colloquor, colloquī, collocutus sum
to speak, converse
communis, commune
common
compleō, -ēre, -plevī, -pletus
to fill
complures, complura
several
comprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hensus
to seize; to catch
confirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to strengthen; to establish; to confirm
conor, -ārī, -ātus sum
to try
consistō, -ere, constitī, constitūrus
to stand (together); to stop, halt
conspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectus
to catch sight of, see
consuetudo, consuetudinis, f.
custom
consuevī, consuevisse, consuetus
to be accustomed
contineō, -ēre, -uī, contentus
to hold; to contain; to retain; to confine
controversia, -ae, f.
dispute, controversy
deferō, -ferre, -tulī, -latus
to bring (down); to report
demonstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to show; to describe
desum, deesse, defuī, defutūrus
to be lacking
deus, -ī, m.
god
disciplina, -ae, f.
instruction; system; method
druides, -um, m.pl.
Druids
ducō, ducere, duxī, ductus
to lead; to consider
dum
while; until
duo, duae, duo
two
Eburones, -um, m.pl.
A people from Belgian Gaul
efficiō, -ere, -fecī, -fectus
to accomplish; to perform; to make, render
egredior, egredī, egressus sum
to go out, come out; to disembark
equitatus, -ūs, m.
cavalry
etiam
also; even
etsī
although
facultas, facultatis, f.
chance, opportunity
ferē
almost; generally, usually
ferō, ferre, tulī, latus
to carry, bring; to bear, endure; to call, name; to report
filus, -ī, m.
son
finitimus, -a, -um
neighboring; neighbor (noun)
fortis, forte
brave, courageous
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus
to wage, carry on; to do
iam
now; already
ibi
there, in that place
impedimenta, -ōrum, n.pl.
(traveling) baggage, equipment
imperium, -ī, n.
command; rule; power
imperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to order, command ( + accusative “of the thing” + dative “of the person”)
impetus, -ūs, m.
attack
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to rouse, incite
inferō, inferre, intulī, illatus
to bring (accusative) upon (dative), make (war); to throw, thrust
interim
meanwhile
intermittō, -ere, -misī, -missus
to discontinue; to leave off; to allow to escape
ita
thus, so, in this way
itaque
and so, therefore
ius, iuris, n.
law, right; authority; justice; oath (taken with “iurandum”)
licet, licēre, licuit
to be allowed, be permitted
longus, -a, -um
long
magnitudo, magnitudinis, f.
greatness; magnitude, size
maximē
very greatly, in particular, especially
minus
less
munitio, -onis, f.
fortification
nam
for
Nerviī, -ōrum, m.pl.
a people from Belgian Gaul
nisi
unless, if not; except, only
nuntius, -ī, m.
messenger; message
ob
because of, on account of, for (+ accusative)
obses, obsidis, m./f.
hostage
obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentus
to hold, occupy
oppugnatio, -onis, f.
attack
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to attack
passus, -ūs, m.
pace (2 steps); mile (taken with “mille”)
pater, patris, m.
father
paulum
a little
pax, pacis, f.
peace
permoveō, -ēre, -movī, -motus
to agitate; to influence, move; to provoke; to rouse
pertineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentus
to extend; to pertain, relate
perturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to disrupt; to rouse, agitate
perveniō, -īre, -venī, -ventūrus
to come through, arrive; to reach (taken with “ad”)
petō, -ere, petivī, petitus
to look for, seek; to ask; to head for; to attack
plerumque
for the most part, generally
ponō, -ere, posuī, positus
to put, place
post
after (+ accusative)
praemium, -ī, n.
reward
praestō, -āre, -stitī, -stātus
to fulfill, perform; to show, display; to surpass (+ dative)
premō, -ere, pressī, pressus
to press; to oppress
privatus, -a, -um
private
profectio, -onis, f.
departure
prohibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus
to keep, restrain; to prohibit
propter
because of, on account of (+ accusative)
provincia, -ae, f.
province
pugna, -ae, f.
fight, battle
quidem
indeed, even
ratio, -onis, f.
account; consideration; manner; method
regnum, -ī, n.
ruling power; kingdom
relinquō, -ere, -liquī, -lictus
to leave, leave behind
Rhodanus, -ī, m.
Rhone (river flowing through Lake Geneva to the Mediterranean Sea)
Sequanī, -ōrum, m.pl.
a people from Gaul (west of the Jura mountains)
sine
without (+ ablative)
sperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to hope, hope for
spes, speī, f.
hope
sub
under (+ accusative or ablative)
subito
suddenly
subsequor, -sequī, -secutus sum
to follow closely
subsidium, -ī, n.
reserve troops; aid; support
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
to defeat; to prevail; to survive; to remain
sustineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentus
to sustain; to support; to withstand; to bear, shoulder
tantus, -a, -um
so great, such great; as much as (taken with “quantus”)
teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentus
to hold, keep
tertius, -a, -um
third
tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublatus
to lift, raise; to take up; to remove
totus, -a, -um
all, whole, entire
transeō, transīre, transiī, transitus
to go across, cross; to pass over
tres, tria
three
turris, turris, f.
tower
ullus, -a, -um
any
unā
together
usus, -ūs, m.
use; practice; need; of use (taken with “ex”)
uterque, utraque, utrumque
each, both
victoria, -ae, f.
victory
vita, -ae, f.
life
