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Intro to Roman History > Caesar, Augustus & the Early Roman Empire > Flashcards

Caesar, Augustus & the Early Roman Empire Flashcards

1
Q

What is imperium (RR)?

A

Consular power of life and death inherited from the kings of Rome

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2
Q

What was a dictator (RR)?

A

The extraordinary magistracy for emergencies (if two consuls killed, temporary

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3
Q

What was Polybius’s view on the RR?

A

Stable democratic system with checks and balances to prevent people holding too much power

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4
Q

When was Polybius alive (RR)?

A

200-118 BC

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5
Q

Where did Rome’s empire move after the Punic Wars (RR)?

A

East, towards Alexander’s former kingdoms

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6
Q

When was the Social War (RR)?

A

91-88 BC

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7
Q

What caused the Social War (RR)?

A

Allies rebelled against Rome

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8
Q

What were the consequences of the Social War (RR)?

A

Allies gained citizenship
Allies gave up own laws/government
Standardised reforms don’t finish til Augustus

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9
Q

When did Sulla live?

A

138-78 BC

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10
Q

What did Sulla do?

A

Created a political dictatorship by reducing role of popular parts of government

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11
Q

When did Pompey the Great live?

A

106-48 BC

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12
Q

Was Pompey a supporter of Sulla?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What characterised the period after the death of Sulla?

A

Chaos

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14
Q

Who made up the First Triumvirate?

A

Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar

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15
Q

Which war was Caesar born into?

A

The Social Wars

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16
Q

Who did Caesar’s career start under?

A

Sulla

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17
Q

What was Caesar prepared to do?

A

Grovel

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18
Q

How did Caesar bankrupt himself?

A

By becoming Pontifex Maximus

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19
Q

Where did Caesar move to after being Pontifex Maximus?

A

Spain

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20
Q

When was the First Triumvirate?

A

56-50 BC

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21
Q

What did Caesar do as consul?

A

Passed economic measures to improve conditions

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22
Q

Where did Caesar campaign after his consulate?

A

Gaul

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23
Q

Should Caesar have been attacking Gaul, Britain and Germany?

A

No

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24
Q

What happened to Crassus?

A

He was killed in battle in Asia

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25
After the death of Crassus, what did Caesar want to do?
Wanted to challenge the dominance of Pompey in the Senate
26
What was Pompey made in 52 BC?
Sole consul, using the army
27
When did the Triumvirate collapse?
50 BC
28
When did Caesar cross the Rubicon?
49 BC
29
Why was crossing the Rubicon so important?
Because Caesar was breaking Imperium making conflict inevitable
30
What was the result of the Civil War?
Pompey was defeated and Caesar took power
31
Name three things Caesar did as dicator
Building Programme Resettles Veterans Breaks tradition-appoints consuls himself
32
Name of an example of Caesar's building program
The basilica at the Forum
33
What did Caesar get the senate to appoint him as?
Dictator for Life
34
When were the Ides of March?
15th March 44 BC
35
Who led the Ides of March?
Brutus
36
Why were the Senators unable to return Rome to a Republic?
Had no plan and the Republic hadn't been working
37
Who made up the Second Triumvirate?
Mark Anthony, Octavian, and Lepidus
38
How old was Octavian when he joined the Triumvirate?
19
39
How important was Lepidus in the Second Triumvirate?
Not a big deal as ended up in Africa
40
What happened to Cicero?
Was part of the Triumvirate's proscription and killed in 43 BC
41
At what point was Caesar made divine?
42 BC
42
What did Octavian call himself when Caesar was made divine?
Son of God
43
What happened to Republican institutions under the Second Triumvirate?
Remained, as both Anthony and Octavian were vying for power
44
What happened to Mark Anthony?
Ended up with Cleopatra in Eygpt with three kids and eventually committed suicide
45
What is Syme's perspective of Augustus?
'1930s Dictator'-used position as relative of Caesar to build power and eventually consolidate by surrounding with his own people
46
What is Galinsky's perspective of Augustus?
Positive-Many contributors, social program stresses good morals
47
What is Zanker's perspective of Augustus?
That his cultural programme was not propaganda as Syme has argued but part of a natural evolution of culture from showing up other generals and a new culture arising from a new Rome
48
When did Augustus gain the Tribunica Potestas?
23 BC
49
What was the Tribunica Potestas?
Power of the tribune, which gave him veto over magistrates and sacrosanctity
50
How many of the priestly colleges was Augustus a member of?
He was a member of all colleges and dominated state religions
51
What important religious role did Augustus take in 12 BC?
Pontifex Maximus
52
What religious institution developed concerning Augustus?
An imperial cult, he was worshiped in the East
53
Who was Augustus's heir?
Tiberius
54
What safety measure did Augustus take regarding the army?
He expelled them from Italy
55
What role did the Senate have under Augustus?
They are no longer the governing body but pass his decrees
56
What was the emperor's role?
To be a reactor to different situations
57
What social reforms did Augustus put in place?
He rewards people for having families and makes divorce harder
58
What was Syme's views on Augustus's social reforms?
He saw these programs as a 'smokescreen' for tightening grip on society
59
What genre did the age of Augustus experience a rise in?
Poetry
60
Who was Maecenas?
A friend of Augustus and a patron of literary circles
61
What did Horace write about?
Odes about Augustus and Pax Romana
62
What work did Virgil write?
The Aeneid
63
Why does the Aeneid seem to be propaganda?
Aeneas seems to parallel Augustus in that he is trying to rebuild a nation
64
What evidence shows that the Aeneid was Augustan propaganda?
Maecenas was a patron of Virgil
65
What work did Propetius write?
Carmen, the 'ideal' of Augustan poetry
66
Why was Ovid exiled by Augustus?
Because his work was incompatible with Augustan ideals of morality, love poems and because he was involved with Julia the granddaughter of Augustus
67
How did Augustus control imagery
Non-ageing | Ruler portraits based on Alexander
68
How did Augustus use Livia to his advantage?
Encouraged people to copy her style, ideal woman
69
What influence did coinage have in the Augustan age?
Displayed the divine origins and achievements of the family
70
Name an example of Augustus' building program
Forum of Augustus
71
Why was the Forum of Augustus so important?
Because the senate began to meet there

Intro to Roman History (3 decks)

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