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Endemic Oral disease > CAE- L7 Vaccine > Flashcards

CAE- L7 Vaccine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of natural immunity?

A

– Active - natural recovery from infection

– Passive - maternal antibodies

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of artificially acquired immunity?

A

– Passive immunisation

– Vaccination (active immunisation)

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3
Q

What are salvia routes for possible immunity to dental caries?

A
  • sIgA
  • IgG, IgM
  • Leukocytes
  • C3
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4
Q

What are crevicular fluid routes for possible immunity to dental caries?

A
  • IgG, IgM, IgA
  • Complement
  • PMNLs
  • T-lymphocytes
  • B-lymphocytes
  • Macrophages
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5
Q

What is vaccination?

A

Administration of material of ‘microbial’ origin (vaccine) to a susceptible person to stimulate their immune defenses

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6
Q

what does vaccination stimulate?

A

long lasting protection against a specific disease

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7
Q

Describe the Bowen (1969) experiment.

A

• Live cariogenic strain of S.mutans
• Injected intravenously
• Monkeys fed cariogenic diet
• Assay after 1 year:
>Control (n=3) 38 cavities 13 early lesions
>Vaccinated (n=3) 6 cavities 4 early lesions

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8
Q

Describe the Bowen (1975) experiment.

A 
•  Homogenized (broken) cells of S. mutans 
•  Injected into the oral mucosa
•  Monkeys fed a cariogenic diet
•  Assayed after 5 years:
>Control (n=5) 64 cavities 
>Immunized (n=4) 0 cavities
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9
Q

Describe the result of subcutaneous inoculation using mutans streptococci in rats.

A

– induced salivary secretory IgA
– inoculated with bacteria & reduced level recovered
– reduced carious lesions

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10
Q

Describe the result of feeding live bacteria in rats.

A

– stimulated secretory IgA

– no detectable specific serum IgG

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11
Q

Describe what happens in the lehner et al .

A 
•  Rhesus monkeys
•  Human type diet
–  (including Mars bars!)
•  Killed S. mutans
•  1 subcutaneous injection
•  Smooth surface & fissure
caries reduced (60-80%)
•  S. mutans reduced
• Specific IgG levels increased
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12
Q

Name 3 antigens of mutans streptococci .

A
  • Protein antigens (Antigen I/II)
  • Glucosytransferase (GTF)
  • Glucan binding proteins (Gbp)
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13
Q

What happens if antibodies bind to antigens on mutans streptococci?

A

they acts as blocking peptides -interferes with the tooth surface even before rest of immune system reacts

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14
Q

What is the basis lehner (1980)?

A

• immunization with a purified protein
• Streptococcal antigen I/II
• Monkey experiments:
>4 sham-immunized with saline
>3 injected subcutaneously with formalin-killed S. mutans
>3 injected subcutaneously with 1 mg antigen I/II

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15
Q

what was the caries mean scores for the 3 monkeys in lehner (1980)?

A

> Sham - 9.5 (smooth), 4 (fissure) ,13.5 (total)

> S. mutans cells- 2.7(smooth) , 1 (fissure), 3.7 (total)

> Ag I/II - 2.7(smooth) , 1.3 (fissures) , 4 (total)

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16
Q

Describe the lehner experiment (1985).

A

• Passive immunisation (monkeys)
– monoclonal antibodies against Antigen I/II
• Applied topically to the deciduous teeth

17
Q

What is the result of the lehner experiment (1985)?

A

• Reduced colonisation by S. mutans.
– dental caries eliminated
– control monkeys: high levels of S. mutans and dental caries

18
Q

what is the role of antigen I/II (mutans strep antigen)?

A

– surface adhesin
– block receptor for
attachment to pellicle

19
Q

what is the result of subcutaneous injection or intranasal of antigen I/II?

A

Preclinical reduction in MS

20
Q

what is the result of passive administration of antigen I/II?

A

interferes with recolonisation by MS

21
Q

Describe the structure of glucosytransferase GTF (mutans strep antigen) and the roles.

A 
•  2 GTFs
–  make soluble or insoluble glucans
•  N-terminus
–  2 catalytic domains
•  C-terminus
–  glucan binding motif
•  MAP peptides using N and C terminus inoculated
–  inhibit GTF activity
–  protect rats from caries
22
Q

what do surface proteins of GTF bind?

A

– Bind glucans produced by catalytic
enzymes

– GbpB (GBP59) immunisation
• protects rats
• reduces colonisation by S. mutans

– MAP peptides to GTF & GbpB
• enhances immunogenicity
• extended effect to S. sobrinus

23
Q

what is the result of the combination of S. sobrinus GTF and water soluble gluons?

A

preclinical caries reduction

24
Q

what is the result of the combination of GTF and antigen I/II?

A

– Inhibition of S. mutans adherence in vitro
– Suppression of S. mutans colonisation in vivo
– Clinical increase in IgA nasal & saliva secretions

25
Q

what is the result of the combination of di-epitopic GTF and MAP?

A

– (catalytic domain & glucan binding domain)

– Preclinical reduction in experimental caries

26
Q

what is the result of the combination of di-epitopic GTF and GbpB MAP?

A

Preclinical reduction in experimental caries

27
Q

What does active immunisation do?

A

• Ellicit Antibodies
– Immunological memory
– Specific
– Good experimental evidence

28
Q

What does passive immunisation do?

A 
•  Exposure to Antibodies 
–  Safe
–  Murine monoclonal 
–  Transgenic plant
–  Egg yolk
–  Bovine milk
29
Q

What are the components that effect active immunisation?

A
  • Identification of best antigenic material
  • Administration of vaccine
  • Timing
  • Necessity
30
Q

What is the identification of the best antigenic material?

A

– Combination antigen

– Advantage of more than one target

31
Q

What is the administration of vaccine?

A

– Local (salivary antibodies)

– Intranasal, tonsillar

32
Q

What is the timing?

A

– Appropriate target group 12 months

– Before colonisation & immunocompetent for IgA

33
Q

What is the necessity factor?

A

• Disease is not life threatening:
– Common disease, pain, disfigurement, lost productivity
– Disproportionate effect on socio-economic classes
– S. mutans link to endocarditis

34
Q

What are alternative approaches of controlling caries?

A 
–  Fluorination
–  Topical fluoride application
–  Dental sealants,
–  Brushing, flossing, regular visits to dentist 
–  Dietary sugar/sucrose restriction
35
Q

Describe the alternative - synthetic peptide therapy.

A 
•  Identify inhibitor of SA I/II
•  Peptide that corresponds to
aa 1025-1044
•  Blocks binding
•  p1025 given as topical
application to human
volunteers
•  reduced recolonisation by S.
mutans but not Actinomyces species

Endemic Oral disease (13 decks)

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