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A&P2 > Cadiovascular System > Flashcards

Cadiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

Hollow cone shaped muscular pump. Generates force to transport respiratory gases nutrients and waste through body

A

Heart

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3
Q

Transport blood throughout the body

A

Blood vessels

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4
Q

Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart are called

A

Arteries

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5
Q

Blood vessels that transport blood towards the heart are called

A

Veins

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6
Q

Transport blood between arteries and veins and perform nutrient gas and waste exchange

A

Capillaries

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7
Q

The cardiovascular system consists of two close circuit pathways which are

A

Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit

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8
Q

Carries oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs drops off carbon dioxide picks up oxygen flows back to heart

A

Pulmonary circuit

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9
Q

Transports oxygen rich blood and nutrients to body cells, removes waste from cells flows back to heart.

A

Systemic circuit

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10
Q

The right side of the heart does what

A

Pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit and returns oxygen rich blood to left atrium

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11
Q

The left side of the heart does what

A

Pumps blood to the systemic circuit. Returns blood to right atrium of heart

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12
Q

Covering over heart and proximal end of large blood vessels

A

Pericardium (pericardial sac)

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13
Q

Four portions of the pericardium

A

Visceral pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Parietal pericardium
Fibrous pericardium

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14
Q

Inner layer of serous membrane. Attached to surface of heart. Also called epicardium

A

Visceral pericardium

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15
Q

Space between visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium

A

Pericardial cavity

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16
Q

Deep to fibrous pericardium; outer layer of serous membrane.

A

Parietal pericardium

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17
Q

Tough outer layer, that surrounds double layered serous membrane. 

A

Fibrous pericardium

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18
Q

The heart wall has three distinct layers which are:

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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19
Q

Inner layer of heart wall, thin, forms inner lining of all heart chambers. 

A

Endocardium

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20
Q

Middle layer of heart wall, thickest, layer composed of cardiac muscle tissue. 

A

Myocardium

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21
Q

Outer layer of heart wall, thin, also called visceral pericardium, reduces friction. 

A

Epicardium

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22
Q

Thin-walled upper chambers of heart; receives blood returning to heart. 

A

Atria

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23
Q

Flap-like projections from atria, which allow atrial expansion.

A

Auricles

24
Q

Thick-walled lower chambers of heart, pumps blood into arteries. 

A

Ventricles

25
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

26
Q

Ventricle which receives blood returning from systemic circuit (From the superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary Sinus) pumps blood into right ventricle

A

Right atrium

27
Q

Chamber of the heart which receives blood from right atrium pumps blood to lungs

A

Right ventricle

28
Q

Chamber of the heart which receives blood from the pulmonary veins; pumps blood to left ventricle

A

Left atrium

29
Q

Chamber of heart which receives blood from the left atrium; pumps blood to systemic circuit

A

Left ventricle

30
Q

Separates left and right atria

A

Interatrial septum

31
Q

Separates left and right ventricles

A

Intraventricular septum

32
Q

Returns oxygen poor blood to the heart

A

Superior and inferior venae cavae

33
Q

Separates right atrium from right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

34
Q

Separates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

35
Q

Separate left atrium from left ventricle

A

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

36
Q

Separates left ventricle from aorta

A

Aortic semilunar valve

37
Q

Fibrous strings that attach costs of tricuspid and mitral valves to papillary muscles in wall of heart

A

Chordae tendineae 

38
Q

Return oxygen rich blood from lungs to left atrium 

A

Pulmonary veins (4)

39
Q

Contraction of a heart chambers called?

A

Systole

40
Q

Relaxation of a heart chamber is called?

A

Diastole

41
Q

The events that occur during a heartbeat is called

A

Cardiac cycle

42
Q

The cardiac cycle consist of: 

A

Atria contract (atrial systole) while ventricles relax (ventricular diastole)

Then ventricles contract (ventricular systole) while atria relax (atrial diastole)

Then both chambers relax briefly

43
Q

Have one central nucleus, and form branching networks. Have intercalated discs between cells containing desmosomes for structural support and gap junctions to spread action potential through a network of cells.

A

Cardiac muscle cells

44
Q

Mass of merging cells that function as a unit

A

Functional syncytium

45
Q

The heart is made up of two functional syncytiums called

A

Atrial syncytium (in atrial wall)
Ventricular syncytium (in ventricular walls)

46
Q

Specialized group of cardiac muscle cells which initiate and distribute cardiac action potential throughout myocardium

A

Cardiac conduction system

47
Q

Pacemaker; initiates rhythmic contraction of the heart

A

SA (sinoatrial) node

48
Q

Conducts impulses from SA node to atria

A

Internodal Atrial muscle

49
Q

Conduct impulses from SA node to AV node

A

Junctional fibers

50
Q

Conducts impulses to AV bundle; delays impulse, so that the atria finish contracting before ventricles contract.

A

AV (Atrioventricular) bundle (of his)

51
Q

Split off from AV bundle conduct impulses to Purkinje fibers on both sides of heart

A

Left and right bundle branches

52
Q

Large fibers that conduct impulses to ventricular myocardium conduct impulses to Apex first; whorled pattern of muscle in ventricles contract with twisting motion

A

Purkinje fibers

53
Q

A recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

54
Q

Atrial depolarization occurs just prior to atrial contraction (wave)

A

P-wave

55
Q

Ventricular depolarization occurs just prior to ventricular contraction. Record of atrial repolarization is hidden in the large QRS complex since ventricular depolarization is a much larger event (3 waves)

A

QRS complex

56
Q

Ventricular repolarization occurs just prior to ventricular relaxation (wave)

A

T-wave

A&P2 (2 decks)

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