Cadiovascular System Flashcards
Consists of the heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular system
Hollow cone shaped muscular pump. Generates force to transport respiratory gases nutrients and waste through body
Heart
Transport blood throughout the body
Blood vessels
Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart are called
Arteries
Blood vessels that transport blood towards the heart are called
Veins
Transport blood between arteries and veins and perform nutrient gas and waste exchange
Capillaries
The cardiovascular system consists of two close circuit pathways which are
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit
Carries oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs drops off carbon dioxide picks up oxygen flows back to heart
Pulmonary circuit
Transports oxygen rich blood and nutrients to body cells, removes waste from cells flows back to heart.
Systemic circuit
The right side of the heart does what
Pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit and returns oxygen rich blood to left atrium
The left side of the heart does what
Pumps blood to the systemic circuit. Returns blood to right atrium of heart
Covering over heart and proximal end of large blood vessels
Pericardium (pericardial sac)
Four portions of the pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Parietal pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Inner layer of serous membrane. Attached to surface of heart. Also called epicardium
Visceral pericardium
Space between visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Deep to fibrous pericardium; outer layer of serous membrane.
Parietal pericardium
Tough outer layer, that surrounds double layered serous membrane. 
Fibrous pericardium
The heart wall has three distinct layers which are:
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Inner layer of heart wall, thin, forms inner lining of all heart chambers. 
Endocardium
Middle layer of heart wall, thickest, layer composed of cardiac muscle tissue. 
Myocardium
Outer layer of heart wall, thin, also called visceral pericardium, reduces friction. 
Epicardium
Thin-walled upper chambers of heart; receives blood returning to heart. 
Atria
Flap-like projections from atria, which allow atrial expansion.
Auricles
Thick-walled lower chambers of heart, pumps blood into arteries. 
Ventricles
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Ventricle which receives blood returning from systemic circuit (From the superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary Sinus) pumps blood into right ventricle
Right atrium
Chamber of the heart which receives blood from right atrium pumps blood to lungs
Right ventricle
Chamber of the heart which receives blood from the pulmonary veins; pumps blood to left ventricle
Left atrium
Chamber of heart which receives blood from the left atrium; pumps blood to systemic circuit
Left ventricle
Separates left and right atria
Interatrial septum
Separates left and right ventricles
Intraventricular septum
Returns oxygen poor blood to the heart
Superior and inferior venae cavae
Separates right atrium from right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Separates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Separate left atrium from left ventricle
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Separates left ventricle from aorta
Aortic semilunar valve
Fibrous strings that attach costs of tricuspid and mitral valves to papillary muscles in wall of heart
Chordae tendineae 
Return oxygen rich blood from lungs to left atrium 
Pulmonary veins (4)
Contraction of a heart chambers called?
Systole
Relaxation of a heart chamber is called?
Diastole
The events that occur during a heartbeat is called
Cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle consist of: 
Atria contract (atrial systole) while ventricles relax (ventricular diastole)
Then ventricles contract (ventricular systole) while atria relax (atrial diastole)
Then both chambers relax briefly
Have one central nucleus, and form branching networks. Have intercalated discs between cells containing desmosomes for structural support and gap junctions to spread action potential through a network of cells.
Cardiac muscle cells
Mass of merging cells that function as a unit
Functional syncytium
The heart is made up of two functional syncytiums called
Atrial syncytium (in atrial wall)
Ventricular syncytium (in ventricular walls)
Specialized group of cardiac muscle cells which initiate and distribute cardiac action potential throughout myocardium
Cardiac conduction system
Pacemaker; initiates rhythmic contraction of the heart
SA (sinoatrial) node
Conducts impulses from SA node to atria
Internodal Atrial muscle
Conduct impulses from SA node to AV node
Junctional fibers
Conducts impulses to AV bundle; delays impulse, so that the atria finish contracting before ventricles contract.
AV (Atrioventricular) bundle (of his)
Split off from AV bundle conduct impulses to Purkinje fibers on both sides of heart
Left and right bundle branches
Large fibers that conduct impulses to ventricular myocardium conduct impulses to Apex first; whorled pattern of muscle in ventricles contract with twisting motion
Purkinje fibers
A recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle
Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
Atrial depolarization occurs just prior to atrial contraction (wave)
P-wave
Ventricular depolarization occurs just prior to ventricular contraction. Record of atrial repolarization is hidden in the large QRS complex since ventricular depolarization is a much larger event (3 waves)
QRS complex
Ventricular repolarization occurs just prior to ventricular relaxation (wave)
T-wave
