Cadio Physio HY

Question 1

Most efficient extractor of O2 from the blood

Answer 1

Most efficient extractor of O2 from the blood

Heart

Question 2

Intercellular junctions responsible for the cardiac syncytium

Answer 2

Intercellular junctions responsible for the cardiac syncytium

Gap Junctions

Question 3

Substance that dilates upstream blood vessels

Answer 3

Substance that dilates upstream blood vessels

Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF)
aka Nitric Oxide (NO)

Question 4

Most potent vasoconstrictor

Answer 4

Most potent vasoconstrictor

ADH (can increase levels of Endothelin-1

Question 5

An increase in venous return will increase HR

Answer 5

An increase in venous return will increase HR

Bainbridge Reflex

Question 6

An increase in venous return will increase the stroke volume, Basis: stretching of cardiac sarcomeres will increase contraction

Answer 6

An increase in venous return will increase the stroke volume, Basis: stretching of cardiac sarcomeres will increase contraction

Frank-Starling Mechanism

Question 7

Hypertension, irregular respiration and bradycardia due to activation of CNS ischemic response and baroreceptor reflex in increased intracranial pressue

Answer 7

Hypertension, irregular respiration and bradycardia due to activation of CNS ischemic response and baroreceptor reflex in increased intracranial pressue

Cushing reflex

Question 8

Formula for BP based on Ohm’s law

Answer 8

Formula for BP based on Ohm’s law
BP
= Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral Resistance
= (Heart rate x Stroke Volume) x TPR

Note: TPR = Systemic Vascular Resistance (INC with Arteriol vasoconstriction)

Question 9

Normal pressure (mmHg) at various parts of the adult circulation:

• Large arteries
• Systemic capillaries
• Vena Cava
• Pulmonary Artery
• Pulmonary Capillaries

Answer 9

Normal pressure (mmHg) at various parts of the adult circulation:
- Large arteries