CABS Valvular Heart Disease

Question 1

During systole what 2 valves are open

Answer 1

aorta and pulmonic

Question 2

During diastole what 2 valves are open

Answer 2

tricuspid and mitral

Question 3

S1 (lub) is

Answer 3

during the start of systole, AV valves are closed

Question 4

S2 (dub) is

Answer 4

systole ends and semilunar valves close

Question 5

Coronaries fill during this time

Answer 5

S2 (dub)

Question 6

splitting means

Answer 6

the valves aren’t closing synchronously

Question 7

S3 = what pathologic heart stressor

Answer 7

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 8

S4 = what pathologic heart stressor

Answer 8

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 9

stenosis is when

Answer 9

the valve is not able to open completely

Question 10

stenosis may be d/t

Answer 10

fibrosis, sclerosis, calcification (atherosclerosis)

Question 11

regurgitation is when

Answer 11

the valve is not able to shut completely and allows retrograde blood flow

Question 12

Rheumatic Fever is a complication of

Answer 12

Group A strep (strep throat); resulting in inflammatory response within the CNS, heart, skin, joints causing fibrotic valvular changes (aortic/mitral regurg or stenosis)

Question 13

Presentation of rheumatic heart disease

Answer 13

fever
joint pain
subcutaneous nodules
chorea

Question 14

Sx of severe aortic stenosis

Answer 14

HF
angina
syncope
hypoxic; SOB

Question 15

Aortic stenosis is when

Answer 15

thickening of the aortic valve with calcification leading to increased velocity

Question 16

what kind of murmur do you hear with aortic stenosis

Answer 16

systolic murmur

Question 17

Aortic stenosis can lead to

Answer 17

left ventricular remodeling (hypertrophy) –> pulm edem

Question 18

Aortic stenosis congenital causes include

Answer 18

bicuspid
unicuspid
fusion of aortic leaflets at birth

Question 19

BNP is used when

Answer 19

Brain natriuretic peptide
helps determine if patient is in CHF (released during times of excess stress in the ventricles)

Question 20

Aortic regurgitation causes

Answer 20

backflow of blood to the LV

Question 21

Aortic regurgitation results is what murmur

Answer 21

diastolic murmur

Question 22

Problems associated with aortic root

Answer 22

causes the adhered valvular cusps to separate
aneurysms
dissection

Question 23

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

Answer 23

connective tissue pathology (marfan’s and ehlers-danlos)

Question 24

Mitral stenosis leads to decreased

Answer 24

CO - leading to HTN and increased risk of pulm edema

Question 25

Presentation of mitral stenosis

Answer 25

dyspnea
orthopnea
hemoptysis

Question 26

Mitral regurgitation causes

Answer 26

dilation of the LA and decreased blood into the LV - leading to pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema, decreased CO

Question 27

Primary Mitral regurgitation can be due to

Answer 27

mitral valve prolapse
MI

Question 28

tricuspid stenosis can lead to

Answer 28

decreased ejection of blood from the RA into RV
increased pressure on venous return - elevated JVD, hepatomegaly, edema

Question 29

Causes of tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 29

pulmonary HTN
Endocarditis - IVDU

Question 30

Pulmonic stenosis causes

Answer 30

tetralogy of fallot
congenital
aquired

Question 31

Pulmonary regurgitation can lead to

Answer 31

RV dilation (eccentric hypertrophy)
RV failure (systolic dysfunction)

Question 32

Pulmonary regurgitation causes

Answer 32

endocarditis (IVDU, s. aureus)
post surgical changes

Question 33

Endocarditis is

Answer 33

infection of the cardiac valves
Mitral
tricuspid (IVDU)

Question 34

PE findings for endocarditis (“from jane”)

Answer 34

fever
roth spots
osler nodes
murmur
janeway lesions
anemia
nail bed hemorrhages
emboli

Question 35

vegetations on the right side (tricuspid/ pulmonic) will shed into the pulmonary circulation leading to

Answer 35

septic pulmonary embolism and empyema (puss in the lungs)

Question 36

Cause of endocarditis (2)

Answer 36

S. aureus
IVDU