CA random facts from bates Flashcards
fibroadenoma
age?
mobility?
15-25, usually pubery and young adulthood
very mobile
breast cysts
age?
2 characteristics
30-50
mobile, OFTEN TENDER
cancer
age?
3 features?
often over 50
irregular or stellate shape
fixed
retraction signs may be present
what are three physical changes cancer can cause to the breast tissue?
- dimpling
- countour changes
- retraction
what does edema of the breast tissue cause?
p’eau d’orange when lymphatic system is blocked, skin enlarges and looks like orange peel
genital warts
aka?
looks like?
agent?
condylomata acuminata
1. cauliflower like
2. causative agent: HPV
genital herpes is caused by?
herpes simplex virus 2
what occurs in primary syphilis? what is the causative agent?
a chancre that is PAINLESS
treponema pallidum
chancroid
4 characteristics
painful deep ulcer with ragged nondurated margins and contains necrotic exudate with friable base
hypospadias
what is it?
congenital displacement of the urethral meatus to the inferior surface of the penis
peyronie’s disease
what is this?
what does patient complain of?
hard plaques found just beneath the skin
usually on the dorsum of the penis
complains of crooked, painful errections
hydrocele
what is this?
key feature?
nontender, fluid fillled mass withing the tunica vaginalis
Transluminates!!
scrotal hernia is usually caused by a…
indirect hernia
cryptorchidism
what happens in this?
what can’t you do?
testes may lay in the inguinal canal or in the abdomen resulting in an unfilled scrotom and there is no palpable testes or epididymis
what is the syndrome that causes a small testes? how big is it?
klinefelters syndrome less than 2 cm
acute orchitis
what does this cause?
what is it caused by?
acute inflammed testes, painful, tender, and swollen
seen in mumps and other viral infections, usually unilateral
tumor of the testes
presents as?
painless nodules and in late stages appeares heavier than normal
most common cause of acute epididymitis? what supports the dx?
chlamydia infection most common
coexisting UTI supports dx
varicocele of spermatic cord
what does this feel like?
what makes it better?
“bag of worms” feeling
gets better when the scrotum is elevated because veins collapse
what does a indirect hernia do to your finger in the canal?
comes down and meets it, touches finger tip
what does a direct hernia do to your finger when in the canal?
pushes it anteriorly and forward
what happens when you finger is in the canal in a femoral hernia?
nothing…it odesn’t enter the canal
what are the characteristics of a syphilitic chancre?
PAINLESS ULCER!!!
what are the characteristics of the herpes ulcers?
2
- PAINFUL ULCERS
- erythmatous base
what is the name of the venearl wart?
what is it caused by?
condyloma acuminatum
caused by
HPV
what do the secondary syphilis lesions look like?
contagious?
2 keys!
- slightly raised round or oval
- FLAT TOPPED GREY EXUDATE
CONTAGIOUS
trichomonas vaginalis
organism?
discharge?
mucosa?
trichomonas vaginalis
yellow/green discharge
mucosa reddened with small red spots
bacterial vaginosis
bacterial?
discharge?
smell?
2 tests?
ph?
bacterial overgrowth
gray/white
fishy smell
clue cells (epithelia with stippled borders)
KOH whiff test=fishy smell
pH over 4.5
cystocele
where?
upper 2/3 of vaginal wall
urethral caruncle
whats it look like?
small red benign tumor visible at the posterior part of the urethral meatus
color of the squamous epithelium of the cervix?
pink and shiny
ectocervix!
what is the color of the columnar epithelium?
deep red
endocervix
rentention cysts/nabothlian cysts
when do these form?
formed when the columar cells (center) are transformed the squamous cells (ectocervix) via metabplasia during adolescence
name these 3 cervix types
what are the two most common causes of mucopurlulent cervicitis?
- chlamydia trachcomatis
- neisseria gonnoreah
how would you describe carcinoma of the cervix?
caluflower like!!
in moderate retroversion can you feel the body of the uterus?
the body might not be palpable with either hand
in marked retroversion, can you feen the body of the uterus?
body can be felt posteriorly through the rectum or posterior fornix
in retroflexion of the uterus, what happens?
the cervix maintains its normal angle and the body of the uterus may be palpable through the rectum or posterior fornix
explain the 3 degrees of uterine prolapse?
1st-cervix well within vagina
2nd-it is at the introitus
3rd-cervix and vagina are outside the introitus (procidentia)
what are 2 common pathogens that cause PID?
3 sxs?
chlamydia gonnoreah
- chandeliere very tender
- bilateral adexa masses
- movement of cervix is painful
what can happen is PID is left untreated?
2
- tubo-ovarian abcess
- infertility
