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Module 9: Mali: GI > CA random facts! > Flashcards

CA random facts! Flashcards

1
Q

GERD

when does the person specifically get pain?

what 2 things make it worse?

three things to avoid?

A

AFTER FATTY MEALS!!

lying down and bending over make it worse

avoid:

  1. chocolate
  2. alcohol
  3. fatty meals
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2
Q

describe the pain see in PUD?

4

A

gnawing, burning achiing

HUNGER LIKE

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3
Q

what is the most common type of stomach cancer?

what doesn’t make it better?/

who in?

A

adenocarcinoma 90-95%

not relieved by food to antacids

50s-70s

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4
Q

acute appendicitis

where is the pain?

2 worse?

what if it stops?

progression?

A

periumbilical pain followed by lower right quadrant pain

worse:

  1. movement
  2. cough

if subsides temporairly suspect perforation of appendix

SXS:

nause vomiting followed by onset of pain and low fever

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5
Q

cholecystitis

where is the pain?

2 things make it worse

A

right upper quadrant pain that may radiate to right scular area

worse:

  1. jarring
  2. deep breathing
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6
Q

biliary colic

where it the pain?

pain?

pt might be….

A

right upper quadrant that radiates to right scapula and shoulder

NOT COLICKY

RESTLESSNES

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7
Q

acute pancreatitis

where is the pain?

1 improvement?

2 things in hx?

A

epigastric may radiate to back

improves: leaing forward to truck flexed

**may see hx of alcohol abuse or gallstones**

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8
Q

acute diverticulitis

where?

pain type?

progression?

A

left lower quadrant

crampy pain to steady

gradual onset

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9
Q

acute bowel obstruction

2 causes?

location of pain?

2 things that can happen in SI?

A

causes;

  1. adhesions or herias SMALL INTESTINE, periumbicial pain
  2. cancer or diverticulis: COLON, periumbicial at first then diffuse

these can happen in SMALL INTESTING OBSTRUCTION

**vomiting of bile and mucous=high obstruction

vomiting of feces=low obstruction**

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10
Q

what does oropharyngeal dysphagia mean?

what is this?

can cause?

3 causes of this?

A

motor disorders affecting the pharyngeal muscles

aspiration into the lungs or nose with attempt to swallow

stroke

bulbar palsy

neuromuscular dxs

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11
Q

esophageal dysphagia is…

A

mechanical narrowing

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12
Q

explain the dysphagia you would see with someone who has esophageal dysphagia from esophageal cancer?

A

starts with slids and progresses to liquids

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13
Q

explain the pain that you would see with esphageal spasm?

what can make it better?

A

chest pain that minics angina pectoris or MI and lasts minutes to hours

***NITRO CAN IMPROVE THIS**

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14
Q

what can you do to relieve the sxs associated with schleroderma

or

achalasia?

4

A
  1. repeated swallowing
  2. straightening the back
  3. raising arms
  4. valsalva maneuver straining down against closed glottis
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15
Q

what is a false expectation when it comes to bowel habits?

A

expectations of regularity

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16
Q

what are the requirements for dxing irritable bowel syndrome?

3/3

A

symptoms for 6 months

pain for 3 months

and 2 of 3:

1. improvement with defecation

2. onset with change in stool frequency

3. change in stool form and appearance

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17
Q

what are two manifestations you might see with rectal cancer?

A
  1. tenesmus
  2. pencil shaped stool!!
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18
Q

who is fecal impaction common in?

3

A

debilitated, bedridden and elderly patients

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19
Q

what might the stool look like in an intussusception?

A

currant jelly stools

RED WITH MUCOUS

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20
Q

what can painful anal lesions cause?

A

spasm of the external spincter and involuntary inhibition of the defecation reflex

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21
Q

what are the 3 medications that can cause constapation?

A
  1. opoids
  2. anticholinergics
  3. antacids with calcium or aluminum
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22
Q

what are 3 conditions that can neurological disorders that lead to constapation?

A
  1. spinal cord injuries
  2. multiple sclerosis
  3. hirschsprungs disease
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23
Q

what are three metabolic conditions that can lead to constapation?

A
  1. pregnany
  2. hpothyroidism
  3. hypercalemia
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24
Q

what is the difference between the stool and sxs of secretory infection and inflammatory infection?

A

secretory-watery w/o blood pus or mucous temp normal

inflammatory-watery/loose with blood, pus, or mucous urgency, tenemus, fever

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25
what are 7 bacteria that cause secretory infection?
1. s aureus 2. b cereus 3. c. perfringens 4. e. coli 5. vibrio 6. giardia lamblia 7. rotavirus
26
what type of bacteria typically cause secretory infection?
those that make bacterial toxins
27
what are 5 bacteria that typically cause inflammatory diarrhea?
1. salmonella 2. shigella 3. campylobacter 4. e.coli 5. c.diff
28
irritable bowel syndrome ## Footnote 3 characteristics of the pain
worse in the morning, rare at night ## Footnote pain relieved with defecation
29
who is cancer of the sigmoid colon common in?
those over 55
30
what are people with ulcerative collitis at increased risk for?
colon cancer
31
crohns disease ## Footnote 2 places this occurs characteristic of diarreah what group of people more prevalent in
terminal ileum proximal colon \*\*diarreah can awaken patient in night\*\* MORE COMMON IN PEOPLE OF JEWISH DESCENT
32
malabsorption syndrome ## Footnote describe the stool 6
bulky, soft, yellow to gray greasy oily and frothy \*\*foul smelling\*\* floats in toilet
33
vitamin K deficiencies cause
bleeding
34
vitamin D deficiciencies can cause
fractures
35
vitamin B deficiencies can cause...
glottitis
36
a protein deficiency can cause
edema
37
people with lactose intolerance lack...
lactase and have an issue after drinking milk or milk products
38
what are the 3 racial groups particullary influenced by lactose intolerance?
african americans ## Footnote asians native americans
39
melena qualifications
at least 60 mL of blood into gastrointestinal tract usually from _esophagus, stomach, duodenum_
40
when would you typically get pain after eating with duodenal ulcer?
2-3 hours later
41
what is the main cause of esophageal or gastric varices?
cirrhosis of the liver
42
what is mallory- weiss tear attributed to?
retching and vomiting after recent ingestion of alcohol
43
what are 3 things that can cause a black stool that is negative for occult?
1. iron 2. bismuth salts 3. licorice
44
what is melena?
black tarry stool
45
what is hematochezia
red blood in the stool originating form the _colon, rectum, and anus_
46
hemmoroids and anal fissure 3 ways you might see the blood
blood on the toilet paper or on surface of stool or dripping into the toilet
47
what does the ingestion of beets do you the urine and stool? why?
turns in pink and turns the stool reddish from poor metabolism of **_betacyanin_**
48
what is a umbilical hernia? in who?
protrusion thought defective unmilcal ring MC in infants
49
incesional hernia
protrusion through an opertive scar
50
what is an epigastric hernia? when is it seen the best?
small midline protrusion though a defect in the **linea alba** _between the xiphoid and umbilicus_ \*\*seen better with patients head and shoulders raised\*\*
51
diastasis recti what is this? when does it occur? 3 things common in?
**separation of the two rectus abdominis mucles** _through which the abdominal contents for a midline ridge when the patient raises head and shoudlers_ common in: 1. pregancy 2. obesity 3. chronic lung disease
52
lipoma what do they feel/look like?
soft and often lobulated \*\*if you push down on it, it likely will slip out from underneath\*\*
53
what is a pannus? what can happen to the umbilicus?
apron of fatty tissue umbilicus amy be sunken
54
abdominal tumor explain the percussion pattern common with this? why?
dullness over the abdominen, typmpani above \*\*this is because the tumor displaces the air upwars\*\*
55
ascitic fluid what does this person show? what is characteristic of the pattern?
goes to the lowest point in the abdomen that causes **_bulging flanks taht are dull to precussion_** when person terns on their side, detect a _fluid shift_
56
increased bowel sounds indicated...2
diarreah early intestinal obstruction
57
decreased bowel obstruction indicates...2
adynamic ileus peritonitis
58
how long must you listen before determining there is no bowel sounds?
2 minutes
59
what do high pitched tinkling sounds in the bowel suggest?
intestinal fluid and air under tension in dilated bowel
60
what do rushes of high-pitched sounds with cramping indicate?
intestinal obstruction
61
a hepatic bruit suggests...2
carcinoma of the liver or alcholic hepatitis
62
arterial bruits with both systolic and diastolic compents suggest....
partial occlusion of the aorta or large arteries
63
what does a venous hum indicate? ex?
increased collateral circulation between the portal and systemic venous system ## Footnote seen in _hepatic cirrhosis_
64
where do you hear a venoux hum?
epigastic and umbical
65
what is a friction rub and what does it indicate?
grating sound with repiratory variation ## Footnote indicates _inflammation of the peritoneal surface of an organ_
66
where are two places you might hear a friction rub?
hepatic and splenic
67
if you hear a systolic bruit and hepatic friction rub what should you suspect?
carcinoma of the liver
68
acute salpingitis ## Footnote what are the sxs? where does it occur?
motion of the uterus causes pain (inflammation of fallopian tubes) just above the inguinal ligaments
69
where do you look for acute cholecystisits? sign?
upper right quadrant murphys sign
70
where does pain from acute pancreatitis occur? may also have?
EPIGASTRIC REGION CAN HAVE REBOUND TENDERNESS
71
where does the pain from acute apendicitis occur? specifically? sign?
RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT \*\*\*\*BETWEEN LINE JOINING UMBILICUS AND ACIS\*\*\*\* **MCBURNEYS POINT**
72
where does diverticularits occur?
lower left quandrant
73
explain a normal variation of liver shape and who might you find this in?
riedels love which means that the liver is elongated but no change in volume or size ## Footnote typically in _lanky people!!_ stretches it out!! \*\*this makes the liver palpable since it points towards the iliac\*\*
74
what conditions can produce a smooth, large liver? 2 subcategories 3 ex 1 ex
1. NONTENDER EDGE ## Footnote **_cirrhosis_** amyloidosis lympoma 2. TENDER EDGE venous congestion in right heart failure
75
what does a _enlarged_, hard, *_irregular_* edge of liver suggest?
hepatocellular carincome

Module 9: Mali: GI (6 decks)

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