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GCSE AQA Chemistry > C9.1 Crude Oil and Fuels (Hydrocarbons) > Flashcards

C9.1 Crude Oil and Fuels (Hydrocarbons) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of different length hydrocarbons.

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2
Q

How is crude oil formed?

A

From the remains of marine organisms over millions of years; under anaerobic conditions (in the absence of oxygen), high temperature and high pressure.

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3
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Fuels made from the remains of organism over millions of years; under anaerobic conditions (in the absence of oxygen), high temperature and high pressure.

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4
Q

How can crude oil be made useful?

A

Fractional distillation.

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5
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

The separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions based on their boiling points, where each fraction consists of groups of molecules of similar chain lengths.

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6
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A molecule made of ONLY carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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7
Q

What is an alkane?

A

A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2

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8
Q

What is an alkene?

A

An saturated hydrocarbon with C=C (double bond) having the general formula CnH2n

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9
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A shared pair of electrons between two atoms.

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10
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The study of molecules containing carbon atoms (excluding carbonates, carbides and carbon dioxide (CO2<))

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11
Q

What is a saturated molecule?

A

A molecule where all the carbon-carbon bonds are single C-C bonds.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.

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12
Q

What is an unsaturated molecule?

A

A molecule that has at least one double carbon bond (C=C).

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

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13
Q

What is the meaning of displayed formula?

A

A formula that shows all the bonds between every atom in a molecule.

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14
Q

What is the meaning of structural formula?

A

A ​formula which shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule but does not show the bonds between them.

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15
Q

What is the meaning of molecular formula?

A

A formula that shows the total number of atoms of each element in a compound

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16
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more different chemical substances which are not chemically bonded.

17
Q

Homologous series

A

A group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, but each successive member differs by CH2

18
Q

General Formula

A

A formula that represents a homologous series of compounds using letters and numbers, e.g. the general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2

GCSE AQA Chemistry (6 decks)

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