C9.1 Crude Oil and Fuels (Hydrocarbons) Flashcards
What is crude oil?
A mixture of different length hydrocarbons.
How is crude oil formed?
From the remains of marine organisms over millions of years; under anaerobic conditions (in the absence of oxygen), high temperature and high pressure.
What are fossil fuels?
Fuels made from the remains of organism over millions of years; under anaerobic conditions (in the absence of oxygen), high temperature and high pressure.
How can crude oil be made useful?
Fractional distillation.
What is fractional distillation?
The separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions based on their boiling points, where each fraction consists of groups of molecules of similar chain lengths.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A molecule made of ONLY carbon and hydrogen atoms.
What is an alkane?
A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2
What is an alkene?
An saturated hydrocarbon with C=C (double bond) having the general formula CnH2n
What is a covalent bond?
A shared pair of electrons between two atoms.
What is organic chemistry?
The study of molecules containing carbon atoms (excluding carbonates, carbides and carbon dioxide (CO2<))
What is a saturated molecule?
A molecule where all the carbon-carbon bonds are single C-C bonds.
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
What is an unsaturated molecule?
A molecule that has at least one double carbon bond (C=C).
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
What is the meaning of displayed formula?
A formula that shows all the bonds between every atom in a molecule.
What is the meaning of structural formula?
A formula which shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule but does not show the bonds between them.
What is the meaning of molecular formula?
A formula that shows the total number of atoms of each element in a compound
