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Micky WSET-3 Varieties > C9 - Red and Rose Winemaking > Flashcards

C9 - Red and Rose Winemaking Flashcards

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1
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon grape characteristics

A
  • thick-skinned
  • late-ripening
  • moderate to warm climate
  • deep colour, flavour and high tannin
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2
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon / Haut-Medoc / profile - young and aged

A

In youth: Grippy tannins. Cedar and Blackcurrant leaf.

With age: Softer tannins. More expression.

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3
Q

What Merlot gives to Cabernet Sauvignon in blending

A

juicy plum flavours and a smoother texture

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4
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon / Europe / other regions

A

South of France, Italy and Spain

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5
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon / blend / non-Merlot examples:

A
  • Sangiovese

- Tempranillo

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6
Q

classic regions for the non-european production of Cabernet Sauvignon

A
  • Napa Valley @California
  • Coonawarra and Margaret River @Australia
  • Hawke’s Bay @New Zealand
  • Stellenbosch @South Africa
  • Colchagua Valley @Chile
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7
Q

How much new oak can be used when vinifying Cabernet? Why?

A
  • A high proportion of new oak can be used

- Due to the grape’s intense flavours, medium to full body and high tannins

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8
Q

What kind of oak is widely used for Cabernet wines?

A

French 225L barriques

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9
Q

Why Cabernet Sauvignon is less suitable for a single-varietal wine?

A

High tannins and lack of body

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10
Q

Merlot grape characteristics

A

It buds and ripens earlier than Cabernet

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11
Q

What is the “international style” of Merlot?

A
  • Grapes harvested as late as possible
  • Intense purple colour
  • Concentrated blackberry and plum fruit
  • Soft, velvety tannins
  • Matured in new oak for adding toasty flavours
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12
Q

What is the “traditional Bordeaux style” of Merlot

A
  • Harvested earlier
  • Medium body and alcohol
  • Higher acidity
  • Fresh red fruit character
  • Some vegetal, leafy aromas
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13
Q

Pinot Noir grape characteristics

A
  • Thin-skinned
  • Early budding
  • Early ripening
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14
Q

List two styles into which Pinot Noir can be made

A
  • Light and fruity with red cherry notes

- Complex and earthy with flavours of spice and forest floor

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15
Q

Which climates is Pinot Noir best grown in? Why?

A
  • Cool to moderate climates

- It is an early ripening variety

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16
Q

Describe entry-level red Burgundy red wines

A

Very light with marked acidity and a hint of oak for structure

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17
Q

What is the risk of Pinot Noir being grown in cooler environments/years?

A

They may not ripen fully, leading to vegetal notes like cabbage and wet leaves

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18
Q

Where else in Europe is well known for high-quality Pinot Noir?

A

Baden in Germany

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19
Q

List some regions in the new world which produce high-quality Pinot Noir

A
  • California: Los Carneros and Sonoma
  • New Zealand: Martinborough, Marlborough and Central Otago
  • Australia: Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula and Tasmania
  • South Africa: Walker Bay
  • Chile: Casablanca Valley
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20
Q

What happens to the flavours of Pinot Noir if its climate is too hot?

A

Flavours become jammy and unattractive

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21
Q

What fermentation temperature is common for Pinot Noir?

A

Upwards of 30C

22
Q

Describe oak usage when making Pinot Noir wines

A
  • It is common, with premium examples spending 12 - 24 months in oak
  • Delicate flavours can be overpowered by oak, so 2nd and 3rd fill barrels are often used and only a small proportion of new oak
23
Q

Syrah/Shiraz grape characteristics

A
  • small and thick
  • dark coloured skins
  • will not ripen in cool climates.
24
Q

Syrah/Shiraz / wine / styles

A
  • from medium-bodied with pepper and fresh black fruit aromas, to…
  • smooth and full-bodied with intense, very ripe black fruite flavours and hints of liquorice
  • fruity flavours, deep colour, high tannins
  • best examples suitable for long-term ageing.
25
Q

Where in Europe is famous in growing Syrah?

A

Northern Rhone in France

26
Q

Describe the style of Syrah made in the Northen Rhone:

A
  • quite light bodied
  • simple black fruit and herbaceous flavours
  • slightly grippy tannins
27
Q

Describe the style of Syrah made in the Sourthern Rhone

A
  • fuller bodied
  • berry flavours and hints of pepper
  • notes of meat and leather after a little ageing
28
Q

Other regions in France that are famous in growing Syrah:

A
  • Languedoc

- Roussillon

29
Q

What other varieties will be used to blend with Syrah in Languedoc and Roussillon?

A

Black grape varieties:

  • Grenache
  • Mourvedre
  • Carignan
  • Cinsault
30
Q

Black grape varieties:

  • Grenache
  • Mourvedre
  • Carignan
  • Cinsault
A

Australia’s Hunter and Barossa Valley.

31
Q

Describe the style of Shiraz made in Hunter and Barossa Valley:

A
  • soft earthy
  • spicy
  • with concentrated black fruit aromas
32
Q

Where are the cooler regions in Australia famous in making Shiraz?

A
  • Great Southern
  • Geelong
  • Heathcore
33
Q

Describe the style of Shiraz make in the cooler regions of Australia:

A

leaner, more peppery styles.

34
Q

Where are the countries famous in making Shiraz in the New World other than Australia?

A
  • Chile
  • South Africa
  • Hawke’s Bay @New Zealand
  • Washington State @the USA.
35
Q

Grenache/Garnacha grape characteristics

A
  • late ripening
  • needs to be planted in warm or hot climate
  • high tolerance for drought condition
  • sweet and thin-skined
36
Q

Grenache/Garnacha wine characteristics

A
  • high in alcohol
  • low acidity
  • full-bodied
  • soft tannis
  • red fruit flavours
37
Q

Garnacha in Spain is an important blending partner of which variety in making the Priorat wines in Rioja?

A
  • Carignan
38
Q

Priorat / Garnacha Carignon blend / style:

A
  • deep colour
  • high tannin
  • fresh black fruit
  • toasty oak
39
Q

In Rioja Baja, Garnacha is blended with which local variety?

A

Tempranillo

40
Q

Where else in Spain grow Garnacha other than Priorat and Rioja?

A
  • Calatayud
  • Carinena
  • Navarra
41
Q

In Chateaunerf-du-Pape, Grenache is usually blended with which two varieties typical of the south of France?

A
  • Syrah

- Mourvedre

42
Q

Describe the style of the wines of Chateauneuf-du-Pape blending Greanche with Syrah and Mourvedre:

A
  • full bodied
  • richly textured
  • concentrated spicy and fruit
43
Q

Outside of Southern Rhone, where in France also plant Grenache?

A
  • Languedoc

- Rousillon

44
Q

In Languedoc and Rousillon, Grenache is usually blended with which four varieties?

A
  • Syrah
  • Mourvedre
  • Carignan
  • Cinsault
45
Q

Outside of Europe, which regions and country produce the highest quality of Grenache?

A

Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale @Australia.

46
Q

Describe the style of the Grenache wines made in Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale IN THE OLD DAYS:

A
  • intensely concentrated
  • full-bodied
  • high level of alcohol
47
Q

the style of the Grenache wines made in Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale NOWADAYS:

A
  • more restraint
  • robust, ripe
  • intense flavours of red berries and peppery spice
  • due to old bush vines yield low volumes of highly concentrated grapes.
48
Q

Usually, Grenache wine will drained off _____ at the end of _____.

A
  • the skins

- fermentation

49
Q

Grenache is usually matured in new or old oak?

A

old.

Because the toasty notes from new oak can overwhelm Greanche’s fruit flavours.

50
Q

Grenache is usually matured in barriques of foudres?

A

foudres.

Micky WSET-3 Varieties (6 decks)

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