C9 Periodic Table

Question 1

What are Alkali metals? [4]

Answer 1

-The elements in group 1
-soft
-relatively low melting points
-electron usually given away in chemical reactions (very reactive)

Question 2

Describe Lithium (Li) [5]

Answer 2

-has electron structure (2,1)
-least reactive among alkali metals
-burns with red flame when reacted with oxygen
-floats on the surface of water
-gives off bubbles of hydrogen gas (effervesces)

Question 3

Describe sodium (Na) [5]

Answer 3

-has electron structure (2,8,1)
-more reactive than lithium
+outer electron is less strongly attracted to the positively charged nucleus because it is further away (1 more shell)
-floats on the surface of water
-burns with yellow/orange flame when reacted with oxygen

Question 4

Describe Potassium (K) [5]

Answer 4

-has electron structure (2,8,8,1)
-more reactive than sodium
+outer electron is less strongly attracted to the positively charged nucleus because it is further away (1 more shell)
-floats on the surface of water
-burns with a lilac flame when reacted with oxygen

Question 5

What happens when alkali metals react with oxygen? [2]

Answer 5

-rapidly turns silvery shiny surface to dull one
-turns it into a metal oxide

Question 6

What happens when alkali metals react with water? [3]

Answer 6

-metals floats on the surface
-creates metal hydroxide
-releases enough energy to melt the metal

Question 7

What happens when alkali metals react with chlorine?

Answer 7

metal chloride is formed
-which dissolves in water to give a colourless solution

Question 8

Describe reactions of Potassium with water [3]

Answer 8

-reacts very quickly
-hydrogen produced ignites instantly
-metal sparks and burns with lilac flame

Question 9

describe the reaction between Potassium, sodium and lithium with water [3]

Answer 9

-happens very quickly
-produces metal hydroxide
-produces hydrogen gas

Question 10

Describe reactions of Sodium with water [2]

Answer 10

-sodium fizzes rapidly
-forms a ball that moves around on the water surface

Question 11

Describe reactions of Lithium with water

Answer 11

-fizzes steadily and floats, getting smaller, eventually disappearing

Question 12

What are halogens? [3]

Answer 12

-elements in group 7
-easily accepts an electron in the outer shell (very reactive)
-they are found as diatomic molecules in their elemental form

Question 13

What happens when metals react(transfer electrons) with a non-metal?

Answer 13

A salt is formed - a compound where all the ions have a full outer shell

Question 14

What is the color and state of matter of iodine at room temperature?

Answer 14

dark grey, solid

Question 15

What is the color and state of matter of bromine at room temperature?

Answer 15

red brown, liquid

Question 16

What is the color and state of matter of chlorine at room temperature?

Answer 16

pale green, gas

Question 17

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 17

when more reactive substances displace(replace) less reactive substances from compounds

Question 18

What is oxidation?

Answer 18

when electrons are lost

Question 19

What is reduction?

Answer 19

when electrons are gained

Question 20

What are spectator ions?

Answer 20

ions that do not change in the reaction

Question 21

Describe transition metals [5]

Answer 21

-metals found between gropus 2 and 3
Relative to alkali metals…
-lower reactivity
-higher melting points
-greater strength and hardness
-higher density

Question 22

What are the properties of transition metals? [3]

Answer 22

-Can form ions with different positive charges
-Can form different colour compounds
-Often used as catalysts

Question 23

What are the properties of noble gases? [4]

Answer 23

-Inert (unreactive) + full shell
-Monatomic
-Low boiling point
-Low density