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9b Chemistry > C10 metals > Flashcards

C10 metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe metallic bonding [2]

A

Lattice of positive metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons

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2
Q

what are characteristics of metal? [5]

A

-good conductors of heat
-good conductors of electricity
-are solids, often with high melting and boiling points (except for mercury)
-malleable
-ductile

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3
Q

Characteristics of non metals [5]

A

-brittle
-poor conductors of heat
-poor conductors of electricity except graphite
-mostly solids or gases
-not malleable

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4
Q

Define alloy

A

mixture of a metal with another substance

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5
Q

Explain why an alloy is more useful than the pure metal?[3]

A

-harder (difficult to scratch)
-other elements disrupt the lattice structure and
-makes it more difficult to remove the layers from the metal

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6
Q

List the reactivity series [11]

A

-Potassium
-Sodium
-Lithium
-Calcium
-Magnesium
-Aluminium
-Carbon for reference
-Zinc
-Iron
-Hydrogen for reference
-Copper
-Gold

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7
Q

What is redox [3]

A

-Reduction and oxidation happening simultaneously
-involved in extraction of metals
-using materials with higher reactivity (carbon for iron)

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8
Q

What is oxidation

A

loss of electrons

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9
Q

What is reduction

A

gain of electrons

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10
Q

define malleable

A

can be bent or hammered into shape

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11
Q

define ductile

A

can be drawn into wires

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12
Q

what is brass?

A

an alloy of copper and zinc

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13
Q

What do we call an alloy that contains iron and other substances

A

steel

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14
Q

why is nickel and chromium alloyed with iron? [2]

A

chromium prevents steel from rusting, nickel makes it harder

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15
Q

How does the reactivity of a metal relate to how easy it is to extract from its ore?

A

the more reactive a metal is the more difficult it is to extract from its ore

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16
Q

How does the reactivity of a metal relate to its tendency to form a positive ion?

A

The more reactive a metal the easier it is to lose its valence electrons and form a positive ion

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17
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid

A

Mg + 2HCl –> MgCl₂ + H₂

18
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

A

2Mg + O₂ –> 2MgO

19
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between sodium and cold water

A

2Na + 2H₂O –> 2NaOH + H₂

20
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam

A

Mg + H₂O –> MgO + H₂

21
Q

Define an ore

A

a rock that contains a high enough percentage of metal for economic extraction

22
Q

Why is it important that metals are recycled?

A

-because metal ares are finite
-reduce polution
-reduce energy use (less money)

23
Q

How are elements above carbon in the reactivity series extracted from their ores?

A

Electrolysis

24
Q

How is iron extracted from the metal ore haematite in the blast furnace

A

by heating with carbon

25
Q

Write 3 symbol equations to show how carbon is used to extract iron from haematite [3]

A

C + O₂ –> CO₂
C + CO₂ –> 2CO
Fe₂O₃ + 3CO –> 2Fe + 3CO₂

26
Q

Explain with the use of 2 symbols equations why limestone (CaCO₃) is used in the blast furnace [3]

A

To remove acidic impurities such as silicon (IV)oxide
CaCO₃ –> CaO + CO₂
CaO + SiO₂ –> CaSiO₃

27
Q

Explain two uses of aluminium [4]

A

Aircraft - low density and strength
food containers - corrosion resistance

28
Q

Describe the uses of mild steel and stainless steel [2]

A

mild steel - car bodies and machinery
stainless steel - chemical plants and cutlery

29
Q

Describe and explain the apparent unreactivity of aluminium [2]

A

Aluminium forms an oxide layer which protects the metal underneath

30
Q

Explain why zinc is used for galvanishing steel [2]

A

As a more reactive metal zinc provies sacrificial protection, this means it reacts before the metal underneath

31
Q

Which metals react with dilute acid but not cold water? [5]

A

Magnesium, Aluminium, zinc, iron, lead (iron and lead react slowly)

32
Q

What are the properties of high carbon steel? [2]

A

strong but brittle
-used for cutting tools and blades

33
Q

What are the properties of low carbon steel? (mild steel)[2]

A

soft but malleable
-used for car bodies

34
Q

Describe bronze [3]

A

-an alloy of copper and tin
-tin makes it harder
-used to make coins, statues, and electrical hardware

35
Q

Describe Gold alloy [2]

A

-pure gold is soft so silver, copper and zinc is used for more resilience
-24 carot = 100%

36
Q

Describe brass

A

-alloy of copper and zinc
-zinc makes it stronger and more ductile
-used for water taps, instruments, door knobs

37
Q

Why is carbon used to extract ores? [2]

A

-cheap
-abundant

38
Q

what iron is formed in the blast furnace?

A

pig/cast iron

39
Q

What is slag used for?

A

road and rail construction

40
Q

How are other impurities removed from pig iron? [2]

A

-by blowing oxygen and making oxides
-sulfur oxide, silicon oxide, carbon oxide, phosphorus oxide

41
Q

What is the name of aluminium ore

A

bauxite

9b Chemistry (8 decks)

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