C10 metals Flashcards
Describe metallic bonding [2]
Lattice of positive metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons
what are characteristics of metal? [5]
-good conductors of heat
-good conductors of electricity
-are solids, often with high melting and boiling points (except for mercury)
-malleable
-ductile
Characteristics of non metals [5]
-brittle
-poor conductors of heat
-poor conductors of electricity except graphite
-mostly solids or gases
-not malleable
Define alloy
mixture of a metal with another substance
Explain why an alloy is more useful than the pure metal?[3]
-harder (difficult to scratch)
-other elements disrupt the lattice structure and
-makes it more difficult to remove the layers from the metal
List the reactivity series [11]
-Potassium
-Sodium
-Lithium
-Calcium
-Magnesium
-Aluminium
-Carbon for reference
-Zinc
-Iron
-Hydrogen for reference
-Copper
-Gold
What is redox [3]
-Reduction and oxidation happening simultaneously
-involved in extraction of metals
-using materials with higher reactivity (carbon for iron)
What is oxidation
loss of electrons
What is reduction
gain of electrons
define malleable
can be bent or hammered into shape
define ductile
can be drawn into wires
what is brass?
an alloy of copper and zinc
What do we call an alloy that contains iron and other substances
steel
why is nickel and chromium alloyed with iron? [2]
chromium prevents steel from rusting, nickel makes it harder
How does the reactivity of a metal relate to how easy it is to extract from its ore?
the more reactive a metal is the more difficult it is to extract from its ore
How does the reactivity of a metal relate to its tendency to form a positive ion?
The more reactive a metal the easier it is to lose its valence electrons and form a positive ion
Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid
Mg + 2HCl –> MgCl₂ + H₂
Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?
2Mg + O₂ –> 2MgO
Write a symbol equation for the reaction between sodium and cold water
2Na + 2H₂O –> 2NaOH + H₂
Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam
Mg + H₂O –> MgO + H₂
Define an ore
a rock that contains a high enough percentage of metal for economic extraction
Why is it important that metals are recycled?
-because metal ares are finite
-reduce polution
-reduce energy use (less money)
How are elements above carbon in the reactivity series extracted from their ores?
Electrolysis
How is iron extracted from the metal ore haematite in the blast furnace
by heating with carbon
Write 3 symbol equations to show how carbon is used to extract iron from haematite [3]
C + O₂ –> CO₂
C + CO₂ –> 2CO
Fe₂O₃ + 3CO –> 2Fe + 3CO₂
Explain with the use of 2 symbols equations why limestone (CaCO₃) is used in the blast furnace [3]
To remove acidic impurities such as silicon (IV)oxide
CaCO₃ –> CaO + CO₂
CaO + SiO₂ –> CaSiO₃
Explain two uses of aluminium [4]
Aircraft - low density and strength
food containers - corrosion resistance
Describe the uses of mild steel and stainless steel [2]
mild steel - car bodies and machinery
stainless steel - chemical plants and cutlery
Describe and explain the apparent unreactivity of aluminium [2]
Aluminium forms an oxide layer which protects the metal underneath
Explain why zinc is used for galvanishing steel [2]
As a more reactive metal zinc provies sacrificial protection, this means it reacts before the metal underneath
Which metals react with dilute acid but not cold water? [5]
Magnesium, Aluminium, zinc, iron, lead (iron and lead react slowly)
What are the properties of high carbon steel? [2]
strong but brittle
-used for cutting tools and blades
What are the properties of low carbon steel? (mild steel)[2]
soft but malleable
-used for car bodies
Describe bronze [3]
-an alloy of copper and tin
-tin makes it harder
-used to make coins, statues, and electrical hardware
Describe Gold alloy [2]
-pure gold is soft so silver, copper and zinc is used for more resilience
-24 carot = 100%
Describe brass
-alloy of copper and zinc
-zinc makes it stronger and more ductile
-used for water taps, instruments, door knobs
Why is carbon used to extract ores? [2]
-cheap
-abundant
what iron is formed in the blast furnace?
pig/cast iron
What is slag used for?
road and rail construction
How are other impurities removed from pig iron? [2]
-by blowing oxygen and making oxides
-sulfur oxide, silicon oxide, carbon oxide, phosphorus oxide
What is the name of aluminium ore
bauxite
