C9 G2 Metals

Question 1

What are the Group 2 elements called?

Answer 1

Alkaline earth metals

Question 2

What elements do they form?

Answer 2

+2 elements

Question 3

What happens to the atomic radius as we go down the group?

Answer 3

It increases due to the addition of extra shells

Question 4

What happens to 1st ionisation energy as we go down the group?

Answer 4

The ionisation energy decreases as we go down the group due to increased shielding so there is a weaker attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron so less energy is needed to remove the outer electron

Question 5

What happens to the Melting points as we go down the group?

Answer 5

It decreases as we go down the group however magnesium is an exception due to its differing structure

Question 6

What Structure do group 2 elements form?

Answer 6

They form metallic structure where the positive metal ions are attracted and surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 7

What happens to the size of the metal ion as we go down the group?

Answer 7

The size of the metal ion increases but the number of delocalised electrons remains the same

Question 8

Why do larger ions have a weaker attractive force?

Answer 8

The distance between the + nuclei in metal ions and delocalised electrons is greater weakening the attractive forces

Question 9

What do Group 2 metals form when they react with water?

Answer 9

They form bases which are known as metal hydroxides

Question 10

Write the equation for the reaction of strontium with water

Answer 10

Sr(s)+2H2O(l) arrow Sr(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

Question 11

Why does magnesium react with steam instead of water?

Answer 11

Magnesium is an exception as it reacts slowly with cold water but more vigorously with steam producing magnesium oxide

Question 12

What is the equation when magnesium reacts with steam?

Answer 12

Mg(s) + H2O(g) arrow MgO(s) + H2

Question 13

Name the observations when magnesium reacts with steam

Answer 13

Magnesium burns to produce a bright white flame and produces a white powder

Question 14

What is the general rule for negative ions with a double charge for group 2 compound solubility?

Answer 14

They become less soluble as you go down the group

Question 15

What is the general rule for negative ions with a single charge for group 2 compound solubility?

Answer 15

They become more soluble as you go down the group

Question 16

What compound neutralises acidic soils?

Answer 16

Ca(OH)2

Question 17

What compound neutralises stomach acid and why?

Answer 17

Mg(OH)2 is used to neutralise stomach acid due to excess stomach acid being formed

Question 18

What is a use of barium sulfate (BaSO4)?

Answer 18

It is used as medical tracers in X rays

Question 19

How comes Barium sulfate is toxic but does not cause harm to the body?

Answer 19

This is due to the fact that barium sulfate is insoluble therefore the bodies bloodstream cannot absorb this

Question 20

Describe the test for sulfates and the reagent used?

Answer 20

BaCl2 is used
1. Add HCl to remove any carbonates in. These could ppt out after adding BaCl2 giving a fake result
2. Add BaCl2
3. White ppt formed is any sulfates are present

Question 21

What is the ionic equation for Barium sulfate?

Answer 21

Ba2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) arrow BaSO4 (s)

Question 22

Describe the processes that occurs for the extraction of titanium?

Answer 22

1.Titanium dioxide is converted to titanium tetrachloride by heating carbon and chlorine gas
2.Titanium tetrachloride is passed through a fractional distillation column to increase purity
3. Purified Titanium tetrachloride is reduced using magnesium in a 1000* furnace

Question 23

What is the equation for the extraction of titanium?

Answer 23

TiCl4 + 2Mg arrow Ti + 2MgCl2

Question 24

Describe the process for the removal of sulfur dioxide?

Answer 24

Use either calcium oxide or calcium carbonate to remove the emissions via wet scrubbing. This is when an alkali is used to neutralise sulfur dioxide in the gases

Question 25

What product is produced after the removal of sulfur dioxide?

Answer 25

Calcium sulfite

Question 26

What is the equation for the removal of sulfur dioxide via calcium carbonate?

Answer 26

CacO3 (s) + 2H2O (l) + SO2 (g) arrow CaSO3 (s) + 2H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Question 27

What is the equation for the removal of sulfur dioxide via calcium oxide?

Answer 27

CaO (s) + 2H2O (l) + SO2 (g) arrow CaSO3 (s) + 2H2O (l)

Question 28

Why does reactivity of water increase down the group?

Answer 28

Atoms get larger and electron is further from the nucleus so its easier to remove hence more reactive. More shielding