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Hertswood Academy Chemistry GCSE > C9- Crude Oils and Fuels > Flashcards

C9- Crude Oils and Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is crude oil? (3 marks)
A

a) It is a finite (will not last forever) resource found in rocks b) It is the remains of an ancient biomass mainly plankton, buried in mud c) It is a mixture of compounds, most of which are hydrocarbons called alkanes

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2
Q
  1. What is a hydrocarbon? (1 mark)
A

a) Molecules made up of only carbon and hydrogen

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3
Q
  1. What is an alkane? (1 mark)
A

a) A saturated hydrocarbon (only single C-C bonds)

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4
Q
  1. What is the general formula of an alkane? (1 mark)
A

a) CnH2n+2

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5
Q
  1. What is the name and formula of the first four alkanes? (4 marks)
A

a) Methane - CH4 b) Ethane - C2H6 c) Propane - C3H8 d) Butane – C4H10

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6
Q
  1. What is the displayed formula for the first four alkanes? (4 marks)
A
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7
Q
  1. How is the mixture of hydrocarbons in crude oil separated into fractions with similar numbers of carbon atoms? (1 mark)
A

a) Fractional distillation

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8
Q
  1. How does fractional distillation work? (5 marks)
A

a) The fractions are separated as they have different boiling points. b) Crude oil is heated, which causes it to evaporate/vaporise, and fed in at the bottom of the fractionating column. c) The column is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top. d) The gases condense and turn into liquids when they reach the temperature of their boiling points. e) The different fractions are collected as liquids at different levels of the fractionating column.

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9
Q
  1. What are the different fractions processed to produce? (1 mark)
A

a) Fuels and feedstock (feedstock is the starting material and is changed into other substances) for the petrochemical industry

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10
Q
  1. What is the name of some of the fuels made from crude oil? (5 marks)
A

a) Petrol b) Diesel oil c) Kerosene d) Heavy fuel oil e) Liquefied petroleum gas

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11
Q
  1. What useful materials are produced by the petrochemical industry? (4 marks)
A

a) Solvents b) Lubricants c) Polymers d) Detergents

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12
Q
  1. What properties of hydrocarbons depend on the size of their molecules? (3 marks)
A

a) Boiling point b) Viscosity c) Flammability

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13
Q
  1. How does the boiling point change with molecular size? (2 marks)
A

a) The higher the molecular size, the higher the boiling point b) The lower the molecular size, the lower the boiling point

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14
Q
  1. What is meant by viscosity? (1 mark)
A

a) How easily a liquid can flow

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15
Q
  1. How does the viscosity change with molecular size? (2 marks)
A

a) The higher the molecular size, the higher the viscosity (the thicker it is) b) The lower the molecular size, the lower the viscosity (the runnier it is)

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16
Q
  1. What is meant by flammability? (1 mark)
A

a) How easily something can burn

17
Q
  1. How does the flammability change with molecular size? (2 marks)
A

a) The higher the molecular size, the lower the flammability b) The lower the molecular size, the higher the flammability

18
Q
  1. What are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? (2 marks)
A

a) Carbon dioxide – CO2 b) Water – H2O

19
Q
  1. What is the balanced equation for the combustion of a hydrocarbon? (4 marks)
A
20
Q
  1. How can hydrocarbons be broken down into smaller, more useful molecules? (1 mark)
A

a) Cracking

21
Q
  1. How is cracking carried out? (3 marks)
A

a) Alkane is heated b) Vaporised c) Passed over a hot catalyst of silica/alumina/porous pottery or mixed with steam

22
Q
  1. What are the products of cracking? (1 mark)
A

a) Alkanes and alkenes

23
Q
  1. What are alkenes? (1 mark)
A

a) Unsaturated hydrocarbons (they have at least one double C=C bond)

24
Q
  1. What are the names and formulae of the first four alkenes? (4 marks)
A

a) Ethene – C2H2 b) Propene – C3H6 c) Butene – C4H8 d) Pentene – C5H10

25
Q
  1. What is the test and result for alkenes? (2 marks)
A

a) Bromine water b) If an alkene is present the bromine water will go from orange to colourless (or decolourise)

26
Q
  1. What are some of the small molecules that are produced after cracking used for? (1 mark)
A

a) Fuels

27
Q
  1. What is another use for alkenes? (2 marks)
A

a) Polymers b) Many other chemicals

28
Q
  1. What are some examples of cracking of alkenes? (4 marks)
A

Hertswood Academy Chemistry GCSE (9 decks)

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