C1- Atomic Structure Flashcards
- What is an atom? (1 mark)
a. An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist
- What is an element? (1 mark)
a. A substance made up of only 1 type of atom.
- Where are all the elements shown? (1 mark)
a. In the periodic table
- What is a compound? (1 mark)
a. 2 or more different elements chemically joined together.
- What is a mixture? ( 2 marks)
a. A mixture consists of two or more elements NOT chemically combined together b. The chemical properties of each substance in the mixture are unchanged
- Before the discovery of the electrons, what did people believe atoms were? (1 mark)
a. Tiny spheres that could not be divided
- The discovery of the electron led to what? (1 mark)
a. The Plum Pudding Model
- What did the Plum Pudding Model suggest? (1 mark)
a. It suggested that the atom was a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it
- Why was the Plum Pudding Model replaced? (1 mark)
a. Rutherford and Marsden’s alpha scattering experiments
- What did Neils Bohr suggest? (3 marks)
a. Neils Bohr adapted the plum pudding model b. And suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances c. Their theoretical calculations agreed with experimental observations
- What did later experiments suggest? (1 mark)
a. The idea that the positive charge of the nucleus was because of smaller positive particles inside the nucleus
- What were these positive sub-particles called? (1 mark)
a. Protons
- What did Chadwick’s work in 1932 show? (1 marks)
a. Evidence that neutrons are located in the nucleus
- What are the names of the 3 subatomic particles of an atom? (1 mark)
a. Proton, Neutron and Electron
- What 2 particles are located in the nucleus? (1 mark)
a. Protons and Neutrons
- Where are the electrons found? (1 mark)
a. In shells/energy levels around the nucleus.
- Label on the structures and sub-atomic particles of an atom (4 marks)
- What is the radius of an atom? (1 mark)
a. About 1 x 10-10metres
- What is the radius of the nucleus of an atom? (1 mark)
a. About 1 x 10-14metres
- What charge does a proton have? (1 mark)
a. Positive
- What Charge does a neutron have? (1 mark)
a. No charge/ neutral
- What charge does an electron have? (1 mark)
a. Negative
- Why are elements said to have no overall charge? (1 mark)
a. They have equal numbers of protons and electrons. The charges cancel out.
- What is the mass (how heavy) of each subatomic particle? ( 3 marks)
i. Proton =1 ii. Neutron=1 iii. Electron = 0
- What is the atomic number? (1 mark)
a. The number of protons (the bottom number). It is also the number of electrons.
- What is the mass Number? (1 mark)
a. The number of protons and the number of neutrons added together (the top number).
- What is an isotope? (1 mark)
a. An atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
- How are the electrons arranged in shells around the nucleus? ( 4 marks)
a. 1st shell hold up to 2 electrons b. 2nd shell holds up to 8 electrons c. 3rd shell holds up to 8 electrons d. 4th shell holds up to 18 electrons
