C1- Atomic Structure

Question 1

1. What is an atom? (1 mark)

Answer 1

a. An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 2

2. What is an element? (1 mark)

Answer 2

a. A substance made up of only 1 type of atom.

Question 3

3. Where are all the elements shown? (1 mark)

Answer 3

a. In the periodic table

Question 4

4. What is a compound? (1 mark)

Answer 4

a. 2 or more different elements chemically joined together.

Question 5

5. What is a mixture? ( 2 marks)

Answer 5

a. A mixture consists of two or more elements NOT chemically combined together b. The chemical properties of each substance in the mixture are unchanged

Question 6

6. Before the discovery of the electrons, what did people believe atoms were? (1 mark)

Answer 6

a. Tiny spheres that could not be divided

Question 7

7. The discovery of the electron led to what? (1 mark)

Answer 7

a. The Plum Pudding Model

Question 8

8. What did the Plum Pudding Model suggest? (1 mark)

Answer 8

a. It suggested that the atom was a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 9

9. Why was the Plum Pudding Model replaced? (1 mark)

Answer 9

a. Rutherford and Marsden’s alpha scattering experiments

Question 10

10. What did Neils Bohr suggest? (3 marks)

Answer 10

a. Neils Bohr adapted the plum pudding model b. And suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances c. Their theoretical calculations agreed with experimental observations

Question 11

11. What did later experiments suggest? (1 mark)

Answer 11

a. The idea that the positive charge of the nucleus was because of smaller positive particles inside the nucleus

Question 12

12. What were these positive sub-particles called? (1 mark)

Answer 12

a. Protons

Question 13

13. What did Chadwick’s work in 1932 show? (1 marks)

Answer 13

a. Evidence that neutrons are located in the nucleus

Question 14

14. What are the names of the 3 subatomic particles of an atom? (1 mark)

Answer 14

a. Proton, Neutron and Electron

Question 15

15. What 2 particles are located in the nucleus? (1 mark)

Answer 15

a. Protons and Neutrons

Question 16

16. Where are the electrons found? (1 mark)

Answer 16

a. In shells/energy levels around the nucleus.

Question 17

17. Label on the structures and sub-atomic particles of an atom (4 marks)

Answer 17

Question 18

18. What is the radius of an atom? (1 mark)

Answer 18

a. About 1 x 10-10metres

Question 19

19. What is the radius of the nucleus of an atom? (1 mark)

Answer 19

a. About 1 x 10-14metres

Question 20

20. What charge does a proton have? (1 mark)

Answer 20

a. Positive

Question 21

21. What Charge does a neutron have? (1 mark)

Answer 21

a. No charge/ neutral

Question 22

22. What charge does an electron have? (1 mark)

Answer 22

a. Negative

Question 23

23. Why are elements said to have no overall charge? (1 mark)

Answer 23

a. They have equal numbers of protons and electrons. The charges cancel out.

Question 24

24. What is the mass (how heavy) of each subatomic particle? ( 3 marks)

Answer 24

i. Proton =1 ii. Neutron=1 iii. Electron = 0

Question 25

25. What is the atomic number? (1 mark)

Answer 25

a. The number of protons (the bottom number). It is also the number of electrons.

Question 26

26. What is the mass Number? (1 mark)

Answer 26

a. The number of protons and the number of neutrons added together (the top number).

Question 27

27. What is an isotope? (1 mark)

Answer 27

a. An atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 28

28. How are the electrons arranged in shells around the nucleus? ( 4 marks)

Answer 28

a. 1st shell hold up to 2 electrons b. 2nd shell holds up to 8 electrons c. 3rd shell holds up to 8 electrons d. 4th shell holds up to 18 electrons