C9 - Crude Oil And Fuel Flashcards
Define crude oil
A mixture of many different carbon compounds (hydrocarbons).
Define hydrocarbon
A compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon.
Formula of a alkane?
CnH(2n+2)
What process is used to separate crude oil into usable hydrocarbons?
Fractional distillation.
Fractional distillation process?
Crude oil is heated and fed in, near the bottom of a tall tower (fractional column) as hot vapour. Since the top of the column is cool, the temperature is decreasing going up the tower. As the gas travels up the column, the hydrocarbons condense when they reach the temperature of their boiling points. The difference fractions are collected at different levels as liquid. (Small chain hydrocarbons have the lowest boiling points.)
What are the products of complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide.
What are the products of incompete combustion?
Carbon monoxide and water.
How to test for carbon dioxide?
Limewater - limewater should turn cloudy.
How to test for water?
Blue colbalt chloride paper - should turn pink.
White anhydrous copper sulfate - should turn blue.
Define cracking hydrocarbons
The braking down of larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller hydrocarbons by passing the vapour over a hot catalyst or by mixing them with steam and heating them to a very high temperature.
What happens when alkenes react with bromine?
They turn colourless.
What is the difference between alkane and alkene?
Alkenes have carbon-carbon double bonds, while alkanes only contain single bonds.
