C9 Crude oil Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

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2
Q

How is crude oil formed?

A

over millions of years from the remains of
ancient biomass

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3
Q

What are the alkanes?

A

hydrocarbons that only have single bonds

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4
Q

What are the first four alkanes?

A

methane, ethane, propane, butane

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5
Q

What is the general formula for the alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

How does boiling point depend on the chain length?

A

longer the chain, higher the boiling point

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7
Q

How does viscosity depend on chain length?

A

longer the chain, higher the viscosity

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8
Q

How does flammability depend on chain length?

A

longer the chain, lower the flammability

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9
Q

How can the different alkanes in crude oil
be separated?

A

fractional distillation

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10
Q

What is a fraction?

A

a group of hydrocarbons with similar chain lengths

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11
Q

Name five useful fuels produced from
fractional distillation.

A

petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, and liquefied petroleum gases

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12
Q

Name four useful materials produced from crude oil fractions.

A

solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents

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13
Q

What is cracking?

A

breaking down a hydrocarbon with a long chain into smaller molecules

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14
Q

Name two methods to carry out cracking.

A

steam cracking and catalytic cracking

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15
Q

What are the products of cracking?

A

short chain alkanes and alkenes

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16
Q

What are alkenes?

A

hydrocarbons with a double bond

17
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

formation of polymers

18
Q

Describe the reactivity of alkenes compared
to alkanes.

A

alkenes are much more reactive

19
Q

Describe the reactivity of alkenes compared
to alkanes.

A

alkenes are much more reactive

20
Q

How can you test for alkenes?

A

alkenes turn orange bromine water colourless