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Chemistry > C5 Chemical Changes > Flashcards

C5 Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What does reactivity mean?

A

how vigorously a substance chemically reacts

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2
Q

How can metals be ordered by their reactivity?

A

by comparing their reactions with water, acid, or oxygen

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3
Q

What name is given to a list of metals ordered by their reactivity?

A

reactivity series

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4
Q

In terms of electrons, what makes some metals more reactive than others?

A

Fewer electrons makes them more reactive as they lose their outer shell electron(s) more easily

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5
Q

Why are gold and silver found naturally as elements in the Earth’s crust?

A

they are very unreactive

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6
Q

What is an ore?

A

rock containing enough of a metal compound to be economically worth extracting

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7
Q

How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from their ores?

A

reduction with carbon

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8
Q

In terms of oxygen, what is oxidation?

A

addition of oxygen

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9
Q

In terms of oxygen, what is reduction?

A

removal of oxygen

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10
Q

Why can metals like potassium and aluminium nor be excracted by reduction with carbon?

A

they are more reactive than carbon

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11
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted from their ores

A

electrolvsis

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12
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

a more reactive substance takes the place of a less reactive substance in a compound

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13
Q

What is an ionic equation?

A

equation which gives some substances as ions and has spectator ions removed

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14
Q

What type of substance is given as ions in an ionic equation?

A

ionic compounds in solution (or liquid)

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15
Q

What is a spectator ion?

A

ion that is unchanged in a reaction

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16
Q

What is a half equation?

A

equation that shows whether a substance is losing or gaining electrons

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17
Q

In terms of electrons, what is oxidation?

A

loss of electrons

18
Q

In terms of electrons, what is reduction?

A

gain of electrons

19
Q

In terms of pH, what is an acid?

A

a solution with a ph of less than 7

20
Q

In terms of pH, what is a neutral solution?

A

a solution with a pH of 7

21
Q

In terms of H+ ions, what is an acid?

A

a substance that releases H• ions when dissolved in water

22
Q

How is the arount of H+ ions in a solution related to it’s pH?

A

the more H* ions, the lower the pH

23
Q

What are the names and formulae of three main acids.

A

hydrochloric acid, HCI; sulfuric acid, H2 504; nitric acid, HNO3

24
Q

How do you measure the pH of a substance?

A

universal indicator or pH probe

25
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

an acid where the molecules or ions completely ionise in water

26
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

an acid where the molecules or ions partially ionise in water

27
Q

What is a salt?

A

compound formed when a metal ion takes the place of a hydrogen ion in an acid

28
Q

Which type of salts do sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid form?

A

sulfates, chlorides, nitrates

29
Q

What are the products of a reaction between a metal and an acid?

A

salt + hydrogen

30
Q

What are the products of a reaction between a metal hydroxide and an acid?

A

salt + water

31
Q

what are the products of a reaction between a metal oyide and an acid?

A

salt + water

32
Q

What are the products of a reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid?

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

33
Q

What is a base?

A

substance that reacts with acids in neutralisation reactions

34
Q

What is an alkali?

A

substance that dissolves in water to form a solution above pH 7

35
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

A reaction between an acid and a base to produce water

36
Q

What is the ionic equation for a reaction between an acid and an alkali?

A

H+ (ag) + OH- (aq) -› H2O(I)

37
Q

How can you obtain a solid salt from a solution?

A

crystallisation

38
Q

When an acid reacts with a metal, which is oxidised?

A

The metal

39
Q

Wrean acid reacts with a metal, which species is reduced?

A

Hydrogen

40
Q

What are the four state symbols and what do they stand for?

A

(s) solid, (I) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) aqueous or dissolved in water

Chemistry (12 decks)

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