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IGCSE Chemistry > C.8 Identification of Ions and Gases > Flashcards

C.8 Identification of Ions and Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

Color seen in flame of lithium

A

crimson red

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2
Q

Color seen in flame of sodium

A

orange

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3
Q

Color seen in flame of potassium

A

lilac

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4
Q

Color seen in flame of calcium

A

orange - red

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5
Q

Color seen in flame of copper

A

Green

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6
Q

Formula of lithium ion

A

Li+

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7
Q

Formula of sodium ion

A

Na+

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8
Q

Formula of potassium ion

A

K+

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9
Q

Formula of copper ion

A

Cu+

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10
Q

Formula of calcium ion

A

Ca+

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11
Q

Result of calcium (Ca2+) ion in sodium hydroxide solution

A
  • White precipitate of Ca(OH)2 formed
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12
Q

Result of copper (II) (Cu2+) ion in sodium hydroxide solution

A
  • Light blue precipitate formed
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13
Q

Result of Iron (II) (Fe2+) ion in sodium hydroxide solution

A
  • Green precipitate formed

- Starts to change to reddish brown in color after a few minutes

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14
Q

Result of Iron (III) (Fe3+) ion in sodium hydroxide solution

A

Reddish-brown precipitate formed

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15
Q

Result of zinc in sodium hydroxide solution

A
  • White precipitate formed

- Dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide solution

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16
Q

Formula of sodium hydroxide solution

A

OH-

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17
Q

Ca2+ + 2OH- –> ?

A

Ca(OH)2

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18
Q

Cu2+ + 2OH- –> ?

A

Cu(OH)2

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19
Q

Fe3+ + 2OH- –> ?

A

Fe(OH)3

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20
Q

Test for halide ions

A
  • Add a small amount of nitric acid – to remove impurities

- Add Silver (I) Nitrate Solution

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21
Q

All halide ions are soluble except for…

A

Silver halides

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22
Q

Describe the test for chloride ions

A

To a solution of the chloride ions add:

  1. Dilute nitric acid
  2. Silver nitrate solution
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23
Q

Describe the test for bromide ions

A

To a solution of the chloride ions add:

  1. Dilute nitric acid
  2. Silver nitrate solution
24
Q

Describe the test for Iodide ions

A

To a solution of the chloride ions add:

  1. Dilute nitric acid
  2. Silver nitrate solution
25
Q

Describe the test for sulfate ions

A

To a solution of sulfate
ions add:
1. Dilute hydrochloric acid
2. Barium chloride solution

26
Q

Describe the test for nitrate ions

A
  1. Add sodium hydroxide solution and warm
  2. Add aluminum powder
  3. Test any gas produced with damp red litmus paper
27
Q

Result of test for chloride ions

A

White precipitate (of AgCl)

28
Q

Result of test for bromide ions

A

Cream precipitate (of AgBr)

29
Q

Result of test for iodide ions

A

Yellow precipitate (of AgI)

30
Q

Result of test for sulfate ions

A

White precipitate (of BaSO4)

31
Q

Result of test for nitrate ions

A

Red litmus paper goes blue (ammonia gas produced)

32
Q

Test for carbonates (CO32-)

A
  1. Add dilute HCl (hydrochloric acid)

2. Bubble gas through limewater

33
Q

Result of test for carbonates (CO32-)

A
  • effervescence (as CO2 is produced)

- Limewater turns cloudy

34
Q

Most metal sulphates are soluble, except for ___

A

Barium Sulphate

35
Q

Test for sulphates

A

Add small amount of HCl (hydrochloric acid)

Add Barium Chloride solution

36
Q

Results of test for sulphates

A
  • white precipitate of BaSO4 formed
37
Q

Test for nitrate ions

A
  1. Add sodium hydroxide and warm it.
  2. Reduce it with aluminum powder to produce ammonium ions.
  3. The ammonium ions then react with the hydroxide to
    produce ammonia gas.
  4. Test the ammonia gas with damp red litmus paper. As
    ammonia is basic it turns blue.
38
Q

Test for hydrogen gas (H2)

A

Hydrogen ignites with oxygen and creates a ‘squeaky pop’ sound

39
Q

Test for oxygen gas (O2)

A

Put in a glowing splint

40
Q

Method of squeaky pop test

A

Lit splint placed in mouth of test tube, a pop is heard.

41
Q

Result for test of oxygen gas (O2)

A

Splint relights if the test tube contains oxygen

gas.

42
Q

Test for carbon dioxide

A

Limewater test

43
Q

Method of limewater test

A

Pass carbon dioxide gas through limewater (calcium

hydroxide, Ca(OH)2)

44
Q

Result of test for carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

Limewater goes cloudy

45
Q

Test for chlorine gas (Cl2)

A

Litmus paper test

46
Q

Result of test for chlorine gas (C2)

A

Blue litmus paper goes red then white (bleached)

47
Q

Test for ammonia (NH3)

A

Dip in red litmus paper

48
Q

Result of test for ammonia (NH3)

A

Red litmus paper turns blue and strong smell is produced

49
Q

What is the cloudiness of limewater caused by?

A

Insoluble calcium carbonate

50
Q

Test for ammonium (NH4+)

A

Sodium hydroxide

51
Q

Test for copper (II) (Cu2+)

A

Sodium hydroxide

52
Q

Test for iron (II) (Fe2+)

A

Sodium hydroxide

53
Q

Test for iron (III) (Fe3+)

A

Sodium hydroxide

54
Q

Test for zinc (Zn2+)

A

Sodium hydroxide

55
Q

Test for Ammonia gas (NH3)

A

Red litmus paper test

56
Q

Result of test for Ammonia gas (NH3)

A

Turns damp red litmus paper blue.

57
Q

Why acid is added to test for sulfate ions and halide ions?

A

To remove impurities

IGCSE Chemistry (3 decks)

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