C8 - Acids, bases and salts

Question 1

What type of solution is it when the litmus paper turns red?

Answer 1

Acidic

Question 2

What type of solution is it when the litmus paper turns blue?

Answer 2

Alkaline

Question 3

What color is methyl orange indicator in acid solution?

Answer 3

Pink

Question 4

What color is methyl orange indicator in alkaline solution?

Answer 4

Yellow

Question 5

What color is phenolphthalein indicator in acid solution?

Answer 5

Colorless

Question 6

What color is phenolphthalein indicator in alkaline solution?

Answer 6

Pink

Question 7

What is HCl?

Answer 7

Hydrochloric acid

Question 8

What is HNO3?

Answer 8

Nitric acid

Question 9

What is N2SO4?

Answer 9

Sulfuric acid

Question 10

What is the formula of phosphoric acid?

Answer 10

H2PO4

Question 11

What is the formula of nitric acid?

Answer 11

HNO3

Question 12

What is the formula of sulfuric acid?

Answer 12

H2SO4

Question 13

What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

Answer 13

HCl

Question 14

Acid + metal –> ?

Answer 14

salt and hydrogen gas

Question 15

Acid + carbonate –> ?

Answer 15

salt, carbon dioxide and water

Question 16

Acid + base –> ?

Answer 16

salt and water

Question 17

Base + an ammonium compound –> ?

Answer 17

ammonia gas

Question 18

Acids are proton (H+) ____ in water

Answer 18

donors

Question 19

Bases are proton (H-) _____ in water

Answer 19

acceptors

Question 20

Explain the steps to selecting the correct method to prepare a salt

Answer 20

1. Is the salt soluble?
2. If yes, is it a sodium or potassium salt?
   –> If not, PRECIPITATION
3. NOT a sodium or potassium salt –> EXCESS SOLID
   IF YES –> TITRATION

Question 21

Explain the 7 steps of the excess solid method

Answer 21

1. Heat acid in a beaker
2. Add base until excess and stir with glass rod
3. Filter the mixture using filter paper and funnel
4. Heat the filtered solution (filtrate) until a hot saturated solution forms
5. Allow the solution to cool so that hydrated crystals form
6. Remove the crystals by filtration and wash with distilled water
7. Dry by leaving in a warm place

Question 22

Why do you wash the crystals with distilled water?

Answer 22

To get rid of the impurities

Question 23

Explain the 5 steps of the precipitation method

Answer 23

1. Mix two salt solutions together in a beaker
2. Stir with a glass rod
3. Filter using filter paper and funnel
4. Wash with distilled water
5. Dry by leaving in a warm place

Question 24

Explain the 9 steps of the titration method

Answer 24

1. Pipette 25cm^3 of alkali into a conical flask
2. Do not add indicator
3. (Using titration values) Titrate the known volume acid into conical flask containing alkali
4. Transfer to an evaporating basin
5. Heat the solution until a hot saturated solution forms
6. Allow the solution to cool so that hydrated crystals form
7. Remove the crystals by filtration
8. Wash with distilled water
9. Dry

Question 25

What does NAPS stand for?

Answer 25

Nitrogen, ammonia, potassium, sodium

Question 26

Are all NAPS soluble?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What is the salt preparation method used for insoluble salts?

Answer 27

Precipitation

Question 28

Are chlorides soluble or insoluble?

Answer 28

Soluble

Question 29

Are all nitrates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 29

Soluble

Question 30

Are sulfates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 30

Soluble

Question 31

Are carbonates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 31

Insoluble

Question 32

Are 'silver (Ag)' ____ (e.g. silver iodide, silver bromide, silver chloride) soluble or insoluble?

Answer 32

insoluble

Question 33

What is the salt name of hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

Answer 33

Chloride (Cl-)

Question 34

What is the salt name of nitric acid (HNO3)?

Answer 34

Nitrate (NO3-)

Question 35

What is the salt name of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?

Answer 35

Sulfate (SO42-)

Question 36

What is the salt name of phosphoric acid (H3PO4)?

Answer 36

Phosphate (PO43-)

Question 37

Acid + alkali --> _______

Answer 37

salt + water

Question 38

What does AAWS stand for?

Answer 38

Acid + alkali --> water + salt

Question 39

What does BAWS stand for?

Answer 39

Base + acid --> water + salt

Question 40

What does CAWS stand for?

Answer 40

Carbonate + acid --> water + salt + carbon dioxide

Question 41

What does MASH stand for?

Answer 41

Metal + acid --> salt + hydrogen

Question 42

What type of oxide are metal oxides?

Answer 42

Basic

Question 43

What type of oxide are non-metal oxides?

Answer 43

Acidic

Question 44

2 examples of amphoteric oxides

Answer 44

1. Aluminium oxide | 2. Zinc Oxide

Question 45

2 examples of neutral oxides

Answer 45

1. Water 2. Nitrogen monoxide 3. Carbon monoxide

Question 46

Soluble salt + soluble salt --> ___

Answer 46

Insoluble salt + soluble salt

Question 47

Sodium + oxygen -->

Answer 47

sodium oxide

Question 48

sodium oxide + water -->

Answer 48

sodium hydroxide

Question 49

The oxides and hydroxides of metals are called __

Answer 49

bases

Question 50

The oxides and hydroxides (bases) that dissolve in water are called __

Answer 50

alkali

Question 51

Base + ammonium compound --> ___

Answer 51

ammonia gas