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IGCSE Chemistry > C8 - Acids, bases and salts > Flashcards

C8 - Acids, bases and salts Flashcards

1
Q

What type of solution is it when the litmus paper turns red?

A

Acidic

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2
Q

What type of solution is it when the litmus paper turns blue?

A

Alkaline

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3
Q

What color is methyl orange indicator in acid solution?

A

Pink

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4
Q

What color is methyl orange indicator in alkaline solution?

A

Yellow

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5
Q

What color is phenolphthalein indicator in acid solution?

A

Colorless

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6
Q

What color is phenolphthalein indicator in alkaline solution?

A

Pink

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7
Q

What is HCl?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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8
Q

What is HNO3?

A

Nitric acid

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9
Q

What is N2SO4?

A

Sulfuric acid

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10
Q

What is the formula of phosphoric acid?

A

H2PO4

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11
Q

What is the formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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12
Q

What is the formula of sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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13
Q

What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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14
Q

Acid + metal –> ?

A

salt and hydrogen gas

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15
Q

Acid + carbonate –> ?

A

salt, carbon dioxide and water

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16
Q

Acid + base –> ?

A

salt and water

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17
Q

Base + an ammonium compound –> ?

A

ammonia gas

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18
Q

Acids are proton (H+) ____ in water

A

donors

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19
Q

Bases are proton (H-) _____ in water

A

acceptors

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20
Q

Explain the steps to selecting the correct method to prepare a salt

A
  1. Is the salt soluble?
  2. If yes, is it a sodium or potassium salt?
    –> If not, PRECIPITATION
  3. NOT a sodium or potassium salt –> EXCESS SOLID
    IF YES –> TITRATION
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21
Q

Explain the 7 steps of the excess solid method

A
  1. Heat acid in a beaker
  2. Add base until excess and stir with glass rod
  3. Filter the mixture using filter paper and funnel
  4. Heat the filtered solution (filtrate) until a hot saturated solution forms
  5. Allow the solution to cool so that hydrated crystals form
  6. Remove the crystals by filtration and wash with distilled water
  7. Dry by leaving in a warm place
22
Q

Why do you wash the crystals with distilled water?

A

To get rid of the impurities

23
Q

Explain the 5 steps of the precipitation method

A
  1. Mix two salt solutions together in a beaker
  2. Stir with a glass rod
  3. Filter using filter paper and funnel
  4. Wash with distilled water
  5. Dry by leaving in a warm place
24
Q

Explain the 9 steps of the titration method

A
  1. Pipette 25cm^3 of alkali into a conical flask
  2. Do not add indicator
  3. (Using titration values) Titrate the known volume acid into conical flask containing alkali
  4. Transfer to an evaporating basin
  5. Heat the solution until a hot saturated solution forms
  6. Allow the solution to cool so that hydrated crystals form
  7. Remove the crystals by filtration
  8. Wash with distilled water
  9. Dry
25
Q

What does NAPS stand for?

A

Nitrogen, ammonia, potassium, sodium

26
Q

Are all NAPS soluble?

A

Yes

27
Q

What is the salt preparation method used for insoluble salts?

A

Precipitation

28
Q

Are chlorides soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

29
Q

Are all nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

30
Q

Are sulfates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

31
Q

Are carbonates soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

32
Q

Are ‘silver (Ag)’ ____ (e.g. silver iodide, silver bromide, silver chloride) soluble or insoluble?

A

insoluble

33
Q

What is the salt name of hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

A

Chloride (Cl-)

34
Q

What is the salt name of nitric acid (HNO3)?

A

Nitrate (NO3-)

35
Q

What is the salt name of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?

A

Sulfate (SO42-)

36
Q

What is the salt name of phosphoric acid (H3PO4)?

A

Phosphate (PO43-)

37
Q

Acid + alkali –> _______

A

salt + water

38
Q

What does AAWS stand for?

A

Acid + alkali –> water + salt

39
Q

What does BAWS stand for?

A

Base + acid –> water + salt

40
Q

What does CAWS stand for?

A

Carbonate + acid –> water + salt + carbon dioxide

41
Q

What does MASH stand for?

A

Metal + acid –> salt + hydrogen

42
Q

What type of oxide are metal oxides?

A

Basic

43
Q

What type of oxide are non-metal oxides?

A

Acidic

44
Q

2 examples of amphoteric oxides

A
  1. Aluminium oxide

2. Zinc Oxide

45
Q

2 examples of neutral oxides

A
  1. Water
  2. Nitrogen monoxide
  3. Carbon monoxide
46
Q

Soluble salt + soluble salt –> ___

A

Insoluble salt + soluble salt

47
Q

Sodium + oxygen –>

A

sodium oxide

48
Q

sodium oxide + water –>

A

sodium hydroxide

49
Q

The oxides and hydroxides of metals are called __

A

bases

50
Q

The oxides and hydroxides (bases) that dissolve in water are called __

A

alkali

51
Q

Base + ammonium compound –> ___

A

ammonia gas

IGCSE Chemistry (3 decks)

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