C8 Chemical Analysis Flashcards
Pure Substance
All the particles are the same.
e.g. Diamond
Fixed bpt/mpt
Mixture
Contains different particles
mpt/bpt over a range of temperatures
bpt is higher
mpt is lower
Formulation
Specific mixture designed for a specific use.
Chromatography
Seperation depends on relative attraction to stationary or mobile phase
Moves quickly is attracted to mobile phase strongly v.v.
Chromatography Procedure
Pencil; graphite is insoluble
Samples on line to prevent dissolving into solvent
Solvent front is drawn as it cannot be seen once dry
Oxygen Test
Glowing splint relights
Carbon Dioxide Test
Limewater turns cloudy
Hydrogen Test
Burning splint does a squeaky pop
Chlorine Gas Test
Bleaches damp litmus paper
Lithium Ion Test
Red in Bunsen Flame
Calcium Ion Test
Orange-Red in Bunsen Flame
White precipitate insoluble in excess NaOH
Sodium Ion Test
Yellow-Orange in Bunsen Flame
Copper Ion Test
Green in Bunsen Flame
Blue precipitate in NaOH
Potassium Ion Test
Lilac in Bunsen Flame
Magnesium Ion Test
White precipitate insoluble in excess NaOH
Aluminium Ion Test
White precipitate soluble in excess NaOH
Iron (II) Test
Green precipitate in NaOH
Iron (III) Test
Brown precipitate in NaOH
Chloride Ion Test
White precipitate in acidified silver nitrate
Bromide Ion Test
Cream precipitate in acidified silver nitrate
Iodide Ion Test
Yellow precipitate in acidified silver nitrate
Sulfate Ion Test
White precipitate in acidified barium chloride
Carbonate Ion Test
Fizzes when dilute acid is added, turns limewater cloudy
Instrumental Analysis Advantages
Uses small samples
Fast
Accurate
Gives a lot of information
Flame Emission Spectroscopy
Burn samples in a machine and measure unique patterns of wavelengths of light given out that match with elements
FES Advantages
Able to identify mixtures
Able to find concentration (directly proportional to intensity of light)
100% certainty
