C8-Chemical Analysis Flashcards
What are formulations
Are mixtures of certain quantities of substances designed to fulfil a specific purpose
Examples of formulations
Paints
Fuels
Alloys
Fertilisers
How can we test if a substance is pure
Test the melting and boiling points
Should be very precise
What is chromatography
The separation of a mixture to identify its constituents substances
What is the mobile phase in chromatography
The solvent (water) moving up the paper
What is the stationary phase in chromatography
The filter paper
Due to capillary action
What does chromatography do (in depth)
Pulls the substances in the mixture upwards
with lighter particles being moved further upwards at the stationary phase
What is the formula to calculate Rf value
Distance substance moved——————————————
Distance mobile phase moved
How can you test for HYDROGEN
Lit splint produces a squeaky pop
How can you test for oxygen
Will delight a glowing splint
How can you test for carbon dioxide
Causes limewater to turn cloudy when bubbled through it
How can you test for chlorine
Bleaches blue litmus paper
How can you test for metals
Flame test
Lithium flame colour …..
Crimson
Sodium flame colour
Yellow
Potassium flame colour
Lilac
Calcium flame colour
Orange-red
Copper flame colour
Green
How can you test for metal ions in solution
Add SODIUM HYDROXIDE to make a metal hydroxide
What colour does Copper (II) make
Blue precipitate
What colour does Iron (II) make
Green precipitate
What colour does Iron (III) make
Brown precipitate
What colour does aluminium/calcium and magnesium make
White precipitate
How can you find aluminium
White precipitate will dissolve if excess of sodium hydroxide has been added
Carbonates react with acid to make
Carbon dioxide
How will halide ions produce a precipitate
When mixed with Silver Nitrate and Nitric Acid
What colour is chlorine ions when it is mixed with silver nitrate and nitric acid
White
What colour is bromine ions when it is mixed with silver nitrate and nitric acid
Cream
What colour is iodine ions when it is mixed with silver nitrate and nitric acid
Yellow
Sulphate ions will produce a white precipitate when mixed with…
Barium Chloride & Hydrochloric Acid
