Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > C8 - Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

C8 - Chemical Analysis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a single element or compound not mixed with any other substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can be used to distinguish pure substances from mixtures

A

melting and boiling point data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a formulation

A

a mixture that has been designed as a useful product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how are formulations made

A

mixing the components in carefully measured quantities to ensure the product has the required properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

give examples of formulations

A

fuels
cleaning agents
paints
medicines
alloys
fertilisers
food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

formula to calculate rF value

A

distance moved by substance/ distance moved by solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what may affect the rF value

A

the solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the test for hydrogen

A

using a burning splint held at the open end of a test tube of gas. hydrogen makes a pop sound and burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how can a chromotogram be used to identify substances by comparing them with known substances

A

the number of spots they produce and the colour
how far the spots have moved up the paper or have the same Rf value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oxygen test

A

using a glowing splint inserted into a test tube of the gas. the splint relights in oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

carbon dioxide test

A

using an aqueous solution calcium hydroxide. carbon dioxide when shakened or bubbled through will turn the limewater milky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chlorine test

A

if damp litmus paper is put onto chlorine gas it is bleached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what can flame tests be used to identify

A

some metal ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what colour do lithium compounds turn in the flame test

A

crimson flame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what colour do sodium compounds turn in the flame test

A

yellow flame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what colour do potassium compounds turn in the flame test

A

lilac flame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what colour do calcium compounds turn in the flame test

A

an orange-red flame

16
Q

what colour do copper compounds turn in the flame test

A

green flame

17
Q

what can be done if a sample contains a mixture of ions

A

some flame colours can be masked

18
Q

what can sodium hydroxide solution be used to identify

A

some metal ions

19
Q

which ions form white precipitates when added to sodium hydroxide

A

aluminium (but then redissolves in excess NaOH to form a colourless solution), calcium and magnesium ions

20
Q

what ions form coloured precipitates when added to sodium hydroxide

A

copper ii, iron ii, iron iii

21
Q

what colour does copper ii form when added to sodium hydroxide

A

blue precipitate

22
Q

what colour do iron ii ions form when added to sodium hydroxide

A

green precipitate

23
Q

what colour do iron iii ions form when added to sodium hydroxide

A

brown precipitate

24
Q

balanced equation to represent calcium reacting with insoluble hydroxide

A

Ca2+ + 2OH- ——> Ca(OH)2

25
Q

balanced equation to represent copper ii reacting with insoluble hydroxides

A

Cu2+ + 2OH- —-> 20

26
Q

balanced equation to represent iron ii reacting with insoluble hydroxides

A

Fe2+ + 2OH- —> Fe(OH)2

27
Q

balanced equation to represent iron iii reacting with insoluble hydroxides

A

Fe3+ + 3OH- ——> Fe(OH)3

28
Q

balanced equation to represent alumminium reacting with insoluble hydroxides

A

Al3+ + 3OH- —> Al(OH)3

29
Q

balanced equation to represent magnesium reacting with insoluble hydroxides

A

Mg2+ + 2OH- —> Mg(OH)2

30
Q

what do carbonates to react with to form carbon dioxide gas

A

dilute acids

31
Q

what can CO2 be identified with

A

limewater

32
Q

what do halide ions produce and when

A

precipitates with silver nitrate when there is dilute nitirc acid

33
Q

what colour precipitate is silver chloride

A

white

34
Q

what colour precipitate is silver bromide

A

cream

35
Q

what colour is silver iodide

A

yellow

36
Q

what do sulfate ions produce

A

white precipitate with barium chloride solution in the presence of hydrochloric acid

37
Q

what can be detected using instrumental methods

A

elements and compounds

38
Q

benefits of instrumental methods

A

accurate
sensitive
rapid
can be used to identify ions in mixtures

39
Q

how does flame emission spectroscopy work

A

the sample is put into a flame and the light given out is passed through a spectroscope. the output is a line spectrum that can be analysed to identify the metal ions in the solution and measure their concentrations

Chemistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions