C1 - Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table

Question 1

what is the smallest part of an element

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

how many different elements are there

Answer 2

100

Question 3

how are compounds formed

Answer 3

chemical reactions

Question 4

what do chemical reactions always involve

Answer 4

the formation of one or more new substances, detectable energy change

Question 5

what do compounds contain

Answer 5

two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

Question 6

how can compounds be split into elements

Answer 6

chemical reactions

Question 7

what does a mixture consist of?

Answer 7

2 or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined together

Question 8

how can mixtures be seperated

Answer 8

physical processes:
crystallisation
simple distillation
fractional distilation
chromotography

Question 9

what may lead to a change or replacement to a sceintific model

Answer 9

new experimental evidence

Question 10

before the discovery of the electron, what were atoms thought to be

Answer 10

tiny spheres that could not be divided

Question 11

what did the discovery of the electron lead to

Answer 11

the plum pudding model of the atom

Question 12

what did the plum pudding model suggest

Answer 12

the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 13

what was the conclusion from the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment

Answer 13

the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre/ nucleus
the nucleus was charged

Question 14

how did bohr adapt the nucleur model

Answer 14

suggesting that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

Question 15

after bohr adapted the nucler model, what did further experiments lead to?

Answer 15

the idea the positive charge of any nucleus could be subvided into a whole number of smaller particles, each particle having the same amount of positive charge. these were called protons

Question 16

what did chadwicks work provide evidence for

Answer 16

the existance of neutrons within the nucleus

Question 17

why did new evidence from the scattering experiment lead to a change in atomic model?

Answer 17

as most alpha particles passed through the gold foil so most of the atom is empty space. some alpha particles were deflected back so the atom has a positively charged nucleus

Question 18

relative charges of the particles in the atom

Answer 18

proton - +1
neutron - 0’
electron - -1

Question 19

what is the number of electrons equal to

Answer 19

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 20

what is mass number

Answer 20

the number of protons and neutrons there are

Question 21

what is the number of protons in an atom equal to

Answer 21

the atomic number

Question 22

what is the radius of an atom

Answer 22

0.1nm (1 x 10-⁸)

Question 23

what is the radius of the nucleus

Answer 23

1 x 10-¹⁴

Question 24

releative masses of protons neutrons electrons

Answer 24

proton - 1
neutron - 1
electron - very small

Question 25

what are isotopes

Answer 25

the same element but different number of neutrons

Question 26

what are elements in the periodic table arranged in order of

Answer 26

atomic number so elements with similar properties were in the same group

Question 27

why is it called a periodic table

Answer 27

as elements w similar chemical properties occur periodically

Question 28

before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons, what was the periodc tabble arranged by

Answer 28

order of atomic weights

Question 29

how did mendeleev overcome some of the problems in the periodic table

Answer 29

by leaving gaps for elements he thought had not been discovered

Question 30

why did mendeleevs periodic table become more accepted

Answer 30

as he left gaps for elements he predicted were not discovered. later, these undiscovered elements were discovered and their properties matched his predictions

Question 31

what are group 0 called

Answer 31

noble gasses

Question 32

properties of noble gases

Answer 32

unreactive dont easily form molecules boiling point increases going down the group

Question 33

why are group 0 elements unreactive

Answer 33

they have a stable arrangement of electrons, 8 on the outershell

Question 34

what are group 1 elements known as

Answer 34

alkali metals

Question 35

general word equation for group 1 metal w water

Answer 35

metal + water ---> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 36

how do group 1 metals react w water

Answer 36

vigourosly to make hydrogen gas. more reactive as you go down potassium has enough energy to ignite the hydrogen

Question 37

how do group 1 metals react w chlorine

Answer 37

vigorously and produce white chloride salts more vigorous as you go down

Question 38

how do group 1 metals react w oxygen

Answer 38

lithium reacts to form lithium oxide sodium reacts to form sodium oxide and sodium peroxide potassium makes potassium peroxide and potassium superoxide

Question 39

what are the chlorides formed when group 1 reacts w chlorine at room temp

Answer 39

white solids

Question 40

how does lithium react with water

Answer 40

fizzes steadily and slowly becomes smaller till it disapeares

Question 41

how does sodium react w water

Answer 41

fizzes rapidly and forms a ball

Question 42

how does potassium react w water

Answer 42

burns violently with sparks and a lilac flame. melts to form a ball and disappears quickly w a small explosion

Question 43

what are group 7 elements known as

Answer 43

halogens

Question 44

what do group 7 elements exist as

Answer 44

molecules made of pairs of atoms

Question 45

what can a more reactive halogen do to a less reactive one in an aqueous solution of salt

Answer 45

displacement

Question 46

how does the melting point of transition metals compare to group 1

Answer 46

higher melting points

Question 47

how do the densities of transition metals compare to group 1

Answer 47

higher densities

Question 48

how does strength and hardness of transition metlas compare to group 1

Answer 48

much harder and stronger

Question 49

how does the reactivity of transition metals with water, oxygen and halogens compare to group 1

Answer 49

they have a lower reactivity

Question 50

unique properties of transition metals

Answer 50

ions w different charges form coloured compounds useful for catalysts

Question 51

how do lithium, sodium and potassium react with water.

Answer 51

lithium - fizzes steadily and slowly becomes smaller until it disappears sodium - fizzes rapidly, melts to form a ball and quickly becomes smaller until it disappears potassium - burns violently with sparks and a lilac flame. melts quickly to forma. ball and disappears rapidly with a small explosion.

Question 52

how do group 7 react with non metals

Answer 52

floruine - burns and produces white iron (iii) florid chlorine -