C8 Flashcards
Pure
A substance containing only 1 element or compound
How to tell if a substance is pure?
Test the melting and boiling points
Formulation
A mixture with the exact amounts of compound. They are for a precise purpose
Examples of formulations
Paints, fuels, cleaning products, cosmetics
Paper chromatography
Analytical method used to separate substances in a mixture
Mobile phase
Where the molecules can move. This is always a liquid or a gas.
Stationary phase
Where the molecules can’t move. This is always a solid or a really thick liquid.
RF value equation
RF=distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent
Chlorine gas test
Chlorine bleached damp litmus paper, turning it white
Oxygen gas test
Put a glowing splint in a test tube containing oxygen. The oxygen will relight the splint
Carbon dioxide gas test
Bubbling carbon dioxide through limewater caused it to turn cloudy
Hydrogen gas test
Hold the splint at the end of a glowing test tube containing hydrogen. You will hear a squeaky pop sound
Lithium ions
Burn with a crimson flame
Sodium ions
Burn with a yellow flame
Potassium ions
burn with a lilac flame
Calcium ions
burn with an orange-red flame
Copper ions
Burn with a green flames
Calcium hydroxide
white precipitate
Copper hydroxide
Blue precipitate
Iron(ll) hydroxide
Green precipitate
Iron (lll) hydroxide
Brown precipitate
Aluminium hydroxide
White precipitate then redissolves in excess NaOH to form a colourless solution
Magnesium hydroxide
White precipitate
