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chemistry > C7 organic chemistry > Flashcards

C7 organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

what is crude oil made of

A

ancient remains of biomass, usually plankton

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2
Q

what specifically turns the biomass into a liquid

A

high pressures and temperatures

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3
Q

what is a hydrocarbon

A

molecules made of hydrogen and carbon exclusively

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4
Q

what is an alkane

A

carbon and hydrogen bonded by single bonds

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5
Q

what is the alkane formula

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

name the first four alkanes

A

methane, ethane, propane, butane

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7
Q

how is crude oil made ‘useful’

A

by seperating it into fractions which will have a similar number of carbon atoms

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8
Q

what is feedstock

A

raw material used for an industrial process

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9
Q

describe the process of fractional distilation

A

“1- crude oil is heated and evaporated. 2- vapour is passed into fractionating column
3- column is hottest at the bottom and fractions with highest boiling points settle there
4- boiling points decrease as you go up the fractionating column”

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10
Q

what are three characterisitics of high boiling point hydrocarbons

A

larger molecules, high viscosity, low flammability

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11
Q

what are the two types of cracking

A

steam cracking and cataltytic cracking

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12
Q

what is a petrochemical

A

chemicals that use crude oil fractions as feedstock

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13
Q

describe catalytic cracking

A

crude oil is vapourised, heated to 550C, passed over catalyst containing aluminium oxide

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14
Q

what is cracking and why is it needed

A

it is breaking long molecules into smaller molecules, because they’re more in demand

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15
Q

what comes as a result of cracking

A

alkenes

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16
Q

why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes

A

the double bond can break off to join other molecules

17
Q

what is the alkene formula

A

CnH2n

18
Q

how is an alkene detected

A

turns bromine water from orange to colourless

19
Q

what is produced during the combustion of a hydrocarbon

A

carbon dioxide + water

20
Q

in terms of energy, what does fuel do during combustion

A

It turns chemical energy into thermal energy

21
Q

what is a functional group, and what is alkene’s functional group

A

the extra bit on from alkenes. c–c

22
Q

what is an addition reaction

A

reactions in which molecules get larger by bonding with new atoms

23
Q

what is the functional group of an alcohol

A

-OH

24
Q

how do you calculate the formula of an alcohol

A

same as its alkene except -1H which is instead added on with the OH

25
Q

how are solutions of ethanol produced

A

when sugar solutions are fermented with yeast

26
Q

what is produced when an alcohol reacts with an oxidising agent

A

a carboxylic acid + water

27
Q

what is the fucntional group of a carboxylci acid

A

COOH

28
Q

what is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with carbonate

A

salt, water, co2

29
Q

what occurs when a carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol

A

an ester + water is produced

30
Q

name an ester

A

ethyl ethonoate

31
Q

describe addition polymerisation

A

a series of alkene monomers join by their double bond breaking to form poly(chemical)

32
Q

describe condensation polymerisation

A

“a dicarboxylic acid and a diol react. This causes water to form and a COO at the interlink.
It is then altered to form a repeating unit, therefore another water is formed through 2
H’s and one O being chopped”

33
Q

hwo would you represent ethanoic acid

A

second C has no H bond. double bond with O to the north east and single with O-H

34
Q

state four naturally occurring polymers

A

DNA. proteins. Starch. Cellulose

35
Q

state the corresponding monomers

A

nucleotides. Amino acids. Sugar molecules. Sugar molecules.

chemistry (7 decks)

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