C7 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Crude oil is a finite/ infinite resource.
Finite
From what is crude oil formed?
Th remains of tiny sea creatures called plankton buried in the mud.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon only
What is the general formula of an alkane?
CnH2n+2
What kind of molecules are alkanes?
Saturated molecules
What does it mean when a an alkane is a saturated molecule?
The carbon atoms are fully bonded to the hydrogen atoms
What does viscosity tell us about a fluid?
The thickness of the fluid
Fluids with a high viscosity flow quickly/slowly.
Slowly
Try or false…
The longer the chain of hydrocarbons the more viscous.
True
What does flammability mean?
How easily something burns
Are long or short chain hydrocarbons more flammable?
Short chain hydrocarbons
What is the gas that we use in Bunsen burners?
Methane
Long chain hydrocarbons are very easy/ difficult to burn.
Very difficult
Do hydrocarbons have boiling points lower or higher than room temperature?
Lower
When steam reacts with alkenes what is the product?
An alcohol
What is the formula of ethene?
C2 H4
What is the word equation for the incomplete combustion of alkenes?
Alkene + oxygen = carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
What is the word equation for the complete combustions of alkenes with oxygen?
Alkene + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
What is my knewmonic for the first 4 alkenes?
Ella = ethene
Paterson= propane
Buys= butene
Pianos= pentene
The double/ single bond opens up an an addition reaction of an Alkene.
The double bond opens up an
What is the addition reaction of hydrogen with an Alkene known as?
Hydrogenation
What are polymers?
Long molecules formed when small molecules called monomers join together.
Name a substance that is made up of polymers.
Plastic
The monomers that make up addition polymers have a single/ double
Covalent/ ionic bond.
Double covalent bond
Lots of alkenes can open up their double bonds to form polymer chains.
What is this called?
Addition polymerisation
What is the product of 2 monomers reacting during addition polymerisation?
The addition polymer
No other products so the polymer contains the same number of atoms as the monomers that formed it.
Which of the alcohols is found in alcoholic drinks?
Ethanol
What is ethanol used in because it is fairly clean and non- smelly?
Spirit burners
Why are alcohols used as solvents in industry?
They can dissolve things water cant
Eg- oils, fats, hydrocarbons
What is the product when alcohols react with oxygen?
A carboxylic acid
What product does this reaction form?
Methanol+ oxygen
Methanoic acid
What is the knewmonic for the first 4 alcohols?
My= methanol
Extendable= ethanol
Penis= propanol
Broke=butanol
Do alcohols undergo combustion in air?
Yes, they are very flammable
Are alcohols soluble in water?
Yes they are all soluble in water
Solutions have a neutral ph
When does fermentation happen fastest?
37 degrees Celsius
Slightly acidic solution
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
— COOH
What are the products of this equation?
Alcohol+ carboxylic acid
Ester + water
Can carboxylic acids dissolve in water?
Yes
When they dissolve they form an acidic solution
What is the only ester we need to learn called?
Ethyl ethanoate
