C3 - Quantitative Chemistry Flashcards
What is the definition of an atom?
An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties.
What are the three main subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
True or False: Protons have a negative charge.
False.
What is the charge of an electron?
An electron has a negative charge.
Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom contains ________ and ________.
protons; neutrons.
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1 atomic mass unit (amu).
How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?
2 electrons.
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the mass number of an atom?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Which particle determines the identity of an element?
Protons.
Which subatomic particle has a negligible mass?
Electrons.
True or False: Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
True.
What is the electron configuration for carbon (atomic number 6)?
1s² 2s² 2p².
Fill in the blank: An ion is an atom that has gained or lost ________.
electrons.
What is the difference between cations and anions?
Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions.
What is the periodic table?
A tabular arrangement of elements organized by increasing atomic number.
Which group of the periodic table contains the noble gases?
Group 18.
True or False: Metals typically lose electrons to form cations.
True.
What are alkali metals?
The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive.
What is the most reactive non-metal?
Fluorine.
Fill in the blank: The elements in Group 7 are known as ________.
halogens.
What does the term ‘valence electrons’ refer to?
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
What is a chemical bond?
A lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds.
What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs?
Covalent bond.
True or False: Ionic bonds are formed between metals and non-metals.
True.
What is the main characteristic of transition metals?
They can form variable oxidation states and are often used as catalysts.
