C7: Memory Flashcards
Amnesia
Inability to retrieve vast quantities of information from memory; result of brain injury or psychological trauma
Retrograde Amnesia
losing past memories; most common portrayal in media
Anterograde Amnesia
lose the ability to form new memories; more common
Priming
The facilitation of a response to a stimulus based on recent experience with that stimulus or related stimulus
Implicit Memory
Unconscious/automatic memory; (procedural, priming, classical conditioning, non-associative learning)
Explicit Memory
Memory that is consciously retrieved; (Episodic, Semantic)
Procedural Memory
skills and habits; resistant to decay (riding a bike)
Episodic Memory
Memory of past experiences that are identifiable by time and place (episodes)
Semantic Memory
Knowledge of concepts, categories, and facts independent of personal experience (don’t know when you learned it, Jell-O)
Brain Activation During Perception and Remembering
Activation in same regions
Encoding
the process of which the perception of a stimulus or event gets transformed into a memory
Dual-coding Hypothesis
Information that can be coded verbally and visually will be remembered more easily
Levels of Processing Model
deeply encoded items with more meaning are better remembered
Maintenance Rehearsal
simply repeating the item over and over
Elaborative Rehearsal
encodes information in more meaningful way; linking it to existing knowledge (semantic)
Schemas
Cognitive structures in semantic memory that help us link information to existing knowledge
Chunking
The process of breaking down information into meaningful units
Method of Loci
associating items with physical locations to remember them
Sensory Memory
a temporary memory system that stores sensory information, close to it’s original form
Iconic memory
ultra short term visual memory
Echoic Memory
ultra short term auditory memory
Working Memory
limited capacity cognitive system that stores and manipulates information for current use (what we are consciously focusing on) - disappears unless you actively prevent it from doing so
Memory Span
capacity of working memory - 7 items plus or minus two
increase w/ development
decreases w/ age