C7 - Keywords Flashcards
Green chemistry
The production of chemicals based on a principle that can lead to a more sustainable process.
Sustainable
Capable of being continued with minimal long-term effect on the environment.
Atom economy
A measure of the amount of reactants in a chemical reaction that end up as useful product; usually expressed as a percentage.
Renewable
A source that will not run out.
Atom
The smallest chemical particle of an element.
Yield
The amount of product obtained from a reaction.
Fertiliser
A substance added to soil to improve the crop yield.
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required to cause a reaction.
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed itself.
Alkane
A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula: CnH2n+2
Hydrocarbon
A compound made of carbon and hydrogen atoms only.
Saturated
A hydrocarbon molecule with no double bonds.
Alkene
An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which there is one or more C=C double bonds.
Unsaturated
A term used to describe alkenes that identifies the presence of a C=C double bond.
Fermentation
The process by which yeast converts sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide through anaerobic respiration.
Solvent
A liquid that can dissolve another substance to produce a solution.
Fractional distillation
The process used to separate the fractions in crude oil using boiling points.
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up the rate of reaction in living organisms (a catalyst in living things).
Denatured enzyme
An enzyme that has had its shape destroyed by heat and can no longer catalyse reactions.
Acid
A compound with a pH value lower than 7.
Alkali
A compound that has a pH value of higher than 7 and is soluble in water.
Salt
The product of a chemical reaction between a base and an acid.
Neutralisation
A reaction between an acid and a base that forms a neutral solution.
Ester
An organic compound that is made by reacting an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
Plasticiser
A material added to a plastic to make it more bendy.
Reflux
The process of continuous evaporation and condensation.
Distillation
Heating and condensing to separate substances.
Exothermic
A chemical reaction that gives out energy (heat) to its surroundings so that the products have less energy than the reactants.
Product
The substance made in a chemical reaction.
Reactant
The substance at the start of a chemical reaction.
Endothermic
A chemical reaction that takes in heat from the surroundings so that the products have more energy than the reactants.
Dynamic equilibrium
In a reversible reaction when the rate of the forwards reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
Qualitative Analysis
A form of analysis used to find out whether a substance us present in a sample.
Quantitative Analysis
A form of analysis used to find the amount of a substance present in a sample.
Chromatography
A technique used to separate different compounds in a mixture according to how well they dissolve in a particular solvent.
Rf Value
A value used in chromatography to identify a substance by comparison with a reference source.
Compound
A substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically combined.
Retention Time
The time taken for substances to pass through a chromatographic system.
Titration
A method used to find the concentration of an acid or alkali
