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Extended Science A > C7 - Keywords > Flashcards

C7 - Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

Green chemistry

A

The production of chemicals based on a principle that can lead to a more sustainable process.

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2
Q

Sustainable

A

Capable of being continued with minimal long-term effect on the environment.

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3
Q

Atom economy

A

A measure of the amount of reactants in a chemical reaction that end up as useful product; usually expressed as a percentage.

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4
Q

Renewable

A

A source that will not run out.

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5
Q

Atom

A

The smallest chemical particle of an element.

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6
Q

Yield

A

The amount of product obtained from a reaction.

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7
Q

Fertiliser

A

A substance added to soil to improve the crop yield.

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8
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy required to cause a reaction.

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9
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed itself.

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10
Q

Alkane

A

A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula: CnH2n+2

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11
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound made of carbon and hydrogen atoms only.

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12
Q

Saturated

A

A hydrocarbon molecule with no double bonds.

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13
Q

Alkene

A

An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which there is one or more C=C double bonds.

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14
Q

Unsaturated

A

A term used to describe alkenes that identifies the presence of a C=C double bond.

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15
Q

Fermentation

A

The process by which yeast converts sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide through anaerobic respiration.

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16
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid that can dissolve another substance to produce a solution.

17
Q

Fractional distillation

A

The process used to separate the fractions in crude oil using boiling points.

18
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that speeds up the rate of reaction in living organisms (a catalyst in living things).

19
Q

Denatured enzyme

A

An enzyme that has had its shape destroyed by heat and can no longer catalyse reactions.

20
Q

Acid

A

A compound with a pH value lower than 7.

21
Q

Alkali

A

A compound that has a pH value of higher than 7 and is soluble in water.

22
Q

Salt

A

The product of a chemical reaction between a base and an acid.

23
Q

Neutralisation

A

A reaction between an acid and a base that forms a neutral solution.

24
Q

Ester

A

An organic compound that is made by reacting an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

25
Q

Plasticiser

A

A material added to a plastic to make it more bendy.

26
Q

Reflux

A

The process of continuous evaporation and condensation.

27
Q

Distillation

A

Heating and condensing to separate substances.

28
Q

Exothermic

A

A chemical reaction that gives out energy (heat) to its surroundings so that the products have less energy than the reactants.

29
Q

Product

A

The substance made in a chemical reaction.

30
Q

Reactant

A

The substance at the start of a chemical reaction.

31
Q

Endothermic

A

A chemical reaction that takes in heat from the surroundings so that the products have more energy than the reactants.

32
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

In a reversible reaction when the rate of the forwards reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

33
Q

Qualitative Analysis

A

A form of analysis used to find out whether a substance us present in a sample.

34
Q

Quantitative Analysis

A

A form of analysis used to find the amount of a substance present in a sample.

35
Q

Chromatography

A

A technique used to separate different compounds in a mixture according to how well they dissolve in a particular solvent.

36
Q

Rf Value

A

A value used in chromatography to identify a substance by comparison with a reference source.

37
Q

Compound

A

A substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically combined.

38
Q

Retention Time

A

The time taken for substances to pass through a chromatographic system.

39
Q

Titration

A

A method used to find the concentration of an acid or alkali

Extended Science A (6 decks)

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