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Y9 science > C7 - chemical reactions > Flashcards

C7 - chemical reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat from its surroundings and cools them.
e.g:

  • Melting of ice-cubes
  • A cold pack
  • Photosynthesis: Plants absorb heat energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
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2
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of light or heat and heats its surroundings.
e.g:

  • The making of an ice cube.
  • A heat pack.
  • Lighting matches.
  • ^^ Combustion.
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3
Q

what are hydrocarbons?

A

A combustible compound.
e.g:

  • Coal
  • Petrol
  • Natural gas -> methane gas, ethane > fossil fuels
  • diesel
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4
Q

What are incomplete combustions?

A

A combustion reaction that occurs with less oxygen. Less oxygenated fires will make more carbon smoke, soot and burn cooler.

Methane + Oxygen → Carbon + Carbon monoxide + Water
CH(4)​ + O(2)​ → C + 2H(2)O

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5
Q

What is a combustion?

A

A large amount of energy released as heat. Normally it will make fire, but if the reaction happens very quickly it can create an explosion.

Fuel + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water
CH(4)​ + 2O(2)​ → CO(2​) + 2H(2​)O

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6
Q

What is the word equation for the combustion of Magnesium

A

Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide, an exothermic reaction.

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7
Q

What is the reactant necessary for every combustion reaction to occur?

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

What is the general equation for respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 602—–>6H2O + 6C02

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9
Q

What is the general equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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10
Q

Define and determine properties of acids

A

A corrosive chemical substance, tastes sour and has a pH level of 8-14

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11
Q

Define and determine the properties of bases.

A

Bases have a bitter taste and feel slippery or soapy to touch. Some bases are very corrosive, like caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).

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12
Q

Define pH

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution on a scale.

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13
Q

Pink on the scale means it’s a… strong or weak, acid or base or neutral?

A

Pink on the scale is a strong acid

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14
Q

green on the scale means it’s a… strong or weak, acid or base or neutral?

A

Green on the scale is neutral

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15
Q

blue on the scale means it’s a… strong or weak, acid or base or neutral?

A

blue on the scale is a strong base.

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16
Q

pH scale (that measures how acidic or basic a substance is) ranges from…?

A

pH scale ranges from 1 (acidic) to 14 (basic)

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17
Q

If a substance has a pH of 7 what is it?

A

Neutral; a pH of 7 is neutral

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18
Q

Will a strong acid or base have a pH of 12?

A

base; pH’s above 7 are bases.

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19
Q

Will a strong acid have a high or low pH?

A

Lower; the smaller the number the more acidic.

20
Q

Define neutralisation.

A

Neutralisation a reaction between an acid and a base. A salt and water (a neutral liquid) are the products of this type of reaction.

21
Q

Define and determine properties of ions

A

An ion is an atom or group of atoms (a molecule) in which the number of electrons is different from the number of protons (negatively or positively charged).

22
Q

What is an alkali?

A

An alkali is a base that can be dissolved in water and is the opposite of an Acid, and has a pH greater than 7. They often have a bitter taste and slimy mouthfeel.

All alkali are bases but all bases are not alkali.

23
Q

Define a negative ion

A

A negatively charged ion.

24
Q

Define a positive ion

A

A positively charged ion.

25
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.

26
Q

What is an atom?

A

the basic unit of matter; composed of a nucleus made of protons and neutrons and electrons surround the nucleus.

27
Q

What is a molecule?

A

The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance. Molecules are made of one or more atoms

28
Q

What is the difference between a molecule and an atom?

A

Atoms are single neutral particles. Molecules are neutral particles made of two or more atoms bonded together.

Sidenote: An ion is a positively or negatively charged particle

29
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined.
e.g:

  • Water (H2O), which is made from the elements hydrogen & oxygen,
  • Table salt (NaCl), which is made from the elements sodium & chloride.
30
Q

In an incomplete combustion reaction, what are the products?

A

Carbon and water

31
Q

In a complete combustion reaction, what are the products?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

32
Q

In combustion reactions, what are the reactants?

A

Hydrocarbons and oxygen

33
Q

What combustion reaction takes place in every cell in your body to produce the energy needed by your body

A

Respiration

34
Q

In respiration, what are the reactants?

A

Glucose and water

35
Q

In respiration, what are the products?

A

Carbon dioxie and water.

36
Q

What gases cause acid rain when they react with water vapour and water in the atmosphere?

A

Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen Oxide, Nitrogen Dioxide or Sulfur.

37
Q

What is the purpose of an acid-base indicator? Give an example of an indicator.

A

Chemicals used to determine whether a solution is acidic, neutral, or alkaline (a base). They may also be known as pH indicators.
Examples of acid-base indicators include litmus paper, phenolphthalein, and red cabbage juice

38
Q

What colour does Red litmus paper turn in the presence of an acid?

A

the paper will stay red

39
Q

What colour does Red litmus paper turn in the presence of an base?

A

Blue

40
Q

What colour does Red litmus paper turn in the presence of a neutral substance?

A

The paper will stay red.

41
Q

What colour does Blue litmus paper turn in the presence of an acid?

A

Red.

42
Q

What colour does Blue litmus paper turn in the presence of a base?

A

The paper will stay blue

43
Q

What colour does Blue litmus paper turn in the presence of a neutral substance?

A

The paper will stay blue.

44
Q

What is Blue litmus paper used for?

A

Blue litmus paper is meant to test only for an acidic pH level.

45
Q

What is Red litmus paper used for?

A

Red litmus paper is meant to test only for basic (bases) pH level.

46
Q

What is the word equation for respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

47
Q

What is the general word equation for Combustion?

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + water

Y9 science (3 decks)

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