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Y9 science > C4 - the body at war > Flashcards

C4 - the body at war Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a disease?

A

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of
all or part of an organism

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2
Q

What is a host?

A

Organism that carries the pathogen and can spread to infect others.

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3
Q

What is a vector?

A

An organism that can spread disease but is not harmed itself. E.g. mosquitoes carrying the pathogen that causes malaria and will spread when they bite.

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4
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A disease causing microbe

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5
Q

What is disinfectant?

A
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6
Q

What is herd immunity?

A
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7
Q

What are vaccines and how do they work?

A

Vaccines contain a weakened form of the pathogen. This introduces the body to the pathogen so then the body can build immunity. The body can make B cells and T cells specific to the introduced pathogen to then make memory cells so when the body encounters the pathogen, the body is able to respond faster.

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8
Q

What is a microbe?

A
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9
Q

What is a virus?

A

A virus is a tiny, infectious particle that can reproduce only inside a host cell.

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10
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Examples include penicillin. These are chemicals that break down the bacterial cell in the body and destroys bacteria.

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11
Q

What is a fungus?

A

Any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including moulds, yeast,
mushrooms, and toadstools.

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12
Q

What is a phagocyte?

A

A type of white blood cell which engulfs pathogens.

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13
Q

What is active immunity?

A

Active – the body’s natural defence against the pathogen. Eg. Producing antibodies.

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14
Q

What is an STI/STD?

A

Sexually Transmitted Infection/Disease
40. Name 2 ways these diseases/infections can s

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15
Q

What is an antibody?

A
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16
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Antigens are proteins located on the surface of our cells and other pathogens. They help the body to determine what is self and non self

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17
Q

What is bacteria?

A
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18
Q

What is antiseptic?

A
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19
Q

What is immunity?

A
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20
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Passive – the body is induced eg. Antiviral , vaccinations

21
Q

What pathogen causes Tetanus?

A

Bacteria

22
Q

What pathogen causes Tinea?

A

Fungus

23
Q

What pathogen causes malaria?

A

Protozoan

24
Q

What pathogen causes Chickenpox?

A

Virus

25
Q

What is a Protozoan?

A
26
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

Contagious diseases and are caused by pathogens.

27
Q

Identify the physical barriers involved in the first line of defence against disease.

A

Sneezing, skin and nasal hairs

28
Q

Identify the chemical barriers involved in the first line of defence against disease.

A

Tears, saliva and stomach acid

29
Q

Identify parts of the second line of defence against disease.

A

Fever and inflammation

30
Q

Identify parts of the third line of defence against disease.

A

Antibodies and lymphocytes

31
Q

What is a lymphocyte?

A
32
Q

Distinguish between cellular and non-cellular pathogens. Give examples.

A

Cellular pathogens are made up of cells whereas non-cellular pathogens are not. Disease-causing bacteria, protists, fungi and animals are examples of cellular pathogens. Viruses, prions and viroids are examples on non-cellular pathogens

33
Q

What are ways diseases can be stransmitted?

A

Physical contact, transmission through water, contaminated objects, coughing and sneezing, and through vectors. Vectors are organisms that carry the disease-causing pathogen between organisms, without being affected by the disease themselves, like Mosquitoes, houseflies and rats.

34
Q

What is the difference between infectious and non-infectious diseases?

A

Infectious diseases can spread from one person to another it can be contagious
Non-infectious diseases cannot spread or transfer from one person to another.

35
Q

Name 3 infectious diseases and 3 non-infectious diseases

A

Infectious- Influenza, Chicken Pox, Measles, COVID-19, Mumps, Athlete’s foot
Non-Infectious- Asthma, Cancer, Epilepsy

36
Q

Name 3 groups of microbes that cause disease.

A

Bacteria, viruses, & fungi

37
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Through binary fission

38
Q

What is a negative ion and a positive ion called?

A

Negative: anion
Positive: cation

39
Q

Name 2 diseases caused by bacteria

A

Salmonella (food poisoning), chlamydia, whooping cough, tuberculosis.

40
Q

What is antibiotic resistance

A

When antibiotics have no effect in the body as the bacteria have developed a resistance to them.

41
Q

Name 2 diseases caused by viruses

A

Chicken pox, common cold, hepatitis, AIDS

42
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

The virus uses/hijacks the host cell to replicate. The DNA is injected into the host and the host makes copies of the viral DNA. Also, viruses can mutate and change the shape of their antigens

43
Q

Name 2 diseases caused by fungi

A

Athlete’s foot, thrush, ringworm.

44
Q

How do fungi reproduce

A

Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, or by producing spores.

45
Q

What is the difference between an antiseptic and disinfectant?

A

Both Kill microorganisms. An antiseptic is applied to the body, while disinfectants are applied to
nonliving surfaces, such as countertops and handrails.

46
Q

Name 4 parts of the first line of defense

A

hair, cilia, mucous, intact skin, stomach acid, tears

47
Q

Name 2 physical and 2 chemical barriers to disease (first line of defence).

A

Physical include: hair, cilia, mucous, intact skin Chemical: stomach acid, lysosomes in tears, sweat.

48
Q

Why does swelling and redness often occur after infection?

A

Certain immune cells release HISTAMINE, a chemical that causes an INCREASE of blood flow to the area where pathogens have been detected.
White blood cells then come in and consume pathogens (Phagocytosis)
This leads to the site becoming Red, swollen, hot and painful. Known as inflammation.

49
Q

What cells produce antibodies?

A

Lymphocytes- B cells produce antibodies.

Y9 science (3 decks)

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