C6

Question 1

What is the formula for:Hydrochloric acid,Nitric acid,Sulfuric acid,Calcium carbonate,Magnesium hydroxide,Potassium sulphate?

Answer 1

HCl,HNO3H2SO4CaCO3MgOHK2SO4

Question 2

What are examples pure acidic compounds that are:Solids,Liquids,Gases?

Answer 2

Solids: citric and tartaric acidLiquids : sulfuric and ethanoic acidsGases: hydrogen chloride

Question 3

What are common alkalis?

Answer 3

Hydroxides of sodium, potassium and calcium

Question 4

Using universal indicator what colours are acids and alkalis and what would they would be ranked on the pH scale?

Answer 4

From 1-6 and red to orange are acidsFrom 8-14 and blue to purple are alkalisNeutral is 7 and green

Question 5

What are the products of acids reacting with metals and their oxides, hydroxides and carbonates?

Answer 5

Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen Acid + metal hydroxide/oxide = salt + waterAcid + metal carbonates = salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 6

What is a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 6

The reaction of an acid with an alkali to form a salt

Question 7

What do acidic compounds produce when dissolved in water?

Answer 7

They produce aqueous hydrogen ions, H+ (aq)

Question 8

What do alkaline compounds produce when dissolved in water?

Answer 8

They produce aqueous hydroxides ions, OH- (aq)

Question 9

What do the hydrogen ions from the acid and hydroxide ions from the alkali react to produce?H+ + OH- = ?

Answer 9

They react to form waterH+ + OH- = H2O

Question 10

What does exothermic and endothermic reaction mean?

Answer 10

In an exothermic reaction energy is given out to the surrounding,In an endothermic reaction energy is taken in from the surroundings

Question 11

In an endothermic and exothermic reaction what happens to the energy levels of the reactants to the products?

Answer 11

In an exothermic reaction the reactants have more energy than the products,In an endothermic reaction the reactants have less energy than the products

Question 12

What do we use chemical synthesis for?

Answer 12

For food additives, fertilisers, dyestuffs, paints, pigments, pharmaceuticals

Question 13

What are the chemical names for the stages of chemical synthesis?

Answer 13

Dissolving, crystallisation, filtration, evaporation, drying in a desiccator

Question 14

What is the importance of purity?

Answer 14

In industry pure substances must be separated from impurities as some impurities may be harmful

Question 15

What is a titration used for?

Answer 15

It is used to measure the exact volumes of reactants to react together

Question 16

How is an acid-alkali titration carried out?

Answer 16

An acid is put in a titration above an alkali with universal indicator in it, it then drips down and because of the indicator when the reaction happens the solution suddenly changes colour, the end point

Question 17

What is meant by the term ‘rate of chemical reaction’?

Answer 17

The frequency at which molecules collide within a reaction

Question 18

What methods are there for observing rate of reaction?

Answer 18

Collecting a gas produced, weighing the reaction mixture, observing the formation or loss of colour in a precipitate

Question 19

What can be done to reactants to increase the rate of reaction?

Answer 19

The surface area of a reactant can be increased, the concentration of the solution, the temperature of the reaction mixture

Question 20

How does a catalyst affect the rate of reaction and itself within a reaction?

Answer 20

Catalysts speed up the rate of reaction whilst not being used up or depleted in the reaction

Question 21

How is rate of reaction affected by different factors?

Answer 21

Increasing surface area means that there is a larger area upon which the reactant can react upon, increasing concentration means there are more molecules in the same space and so collisions are more likely, increasing temperature gives the the molecules more energy and so they move faster.

Question 22

What stages are there in carrying out a chemical synthesis of an inorganic compound?

Answer 22

Choosing the series of reaction to make the product, carrying out a risk assessment, carrying out the reaction in suitable conditions & apparatus, separating the product from the reaction mixture, purifying the product, measuring the yield and purity