C5.1 Flashcards
Yield
The mass of product made in a chemical reaction
Theoretical yield
The maximum mass of product that can be made in a chemical reaction
Actual yield
The mass of product actually made in a chemical reaction
Percentage yield
(Actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100
Factors that affect percentage yield, and why the theoretical and actual yield are usually different
Reactants may react differently than expected (e.g burning lithium in the air may make either lithium oxide or lithium nitride)
Reaction may not go to completion (often happens in reversible reactions)
Product may be lost when separated from the reaction mixture (e.g filtration, or transferring substances between containers)
Reaction pathway
The reaction, or series of reactions, for making a particular substance
Factors that affect which reaction pathway is chosen
Yield of product
Atom economy of the reaction
Usefulness of by-products
Rate of reaction
Atom economy
A measure of how many atoms in the reactants form a desired product
Atom economy equation
(Sum Mr of desired product / sum Mr of all products) x 100
cm3 and dm3
Divide cm3 by 1000 to get dm3 and vice versa
Concentration equation
Concentration = amount (g or mol) / volume (dm3)
No. Of moles equation
No. of moles (mol) = mass / Mr (relative formula mass)
Gas volume equation
Amount (in mol) = volume (dm3) / 24 (dm3/mol)
