C2.2 Flashcards
Physical Property | Metal elements | non-metal elements
Apperance | shiny | dull
Melting/boiling point | usually high | usually low
State at room temp. | solid | around half gas, half solid
Malleable (can be bent) when solid | yes | no
Ductile (can be pulled) when solid | yes | no
Conductor or insulator | conductor | insulator
Metals form ___ ions
Positive
They lose electrons
Metals, non-metals, and reactivity
Metals don’t react with each other, instead they mix to form alloys
Non-metals can react with each other, and form compounds via covalent bonding
Ionic compounds
Contain positive and negative ions
Ions are arranged regularly, known as a giant ionic lattice
Ions are held in place by electrostatic forces
Simple molecule
A molecule that only contains a few atoms
Electrostatic forces are between the nucleus and the shared electron, not between whole charged atoms
Weak intermolecular forces
Giant covalent structure
A structure formed by very many non-metal atoms joined together via covalent bonds
Polymer
A substance made up of smaller pieces known as monomers
Polymers -
Thermosoftening | Thermosetting
Can be heated to soften them, then be remoulded |
Cannot be remoulded, will burn when heated
No cross linking | has cross linking (covalent bonds between chains)
Repeating unit
A section of a polymer that is repeated
Metallic bonds
Bonds within metals between the metal ions and delocalised electrons
Developing the periodic table
Dalton - tried creating a system to symbolise elements, his original list had 5 elements (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and sulphur)
Newland - published his law of octaves, arranged all known elements into a table in order of relative atomic mass, table showed repeating patterns of properties, out iron with oxygen and sulphur (non-metals)
Mendeleev - arranged elements with similar properties into vertical columns, and in order of relative atomic mass. Left spaces for undiscovered elements
Moseley - proved that every elements identity was determined by the number of protons it had, allowed him to predict 4 new elements that were later discovered
Group 1
Type of element - metal
Reactivity - very reactive
Electron structures - ends in 1
Ion - +1
Group 2
Type of element - metal
Reactivity - reactive
Electron structure - Ends in 2
Ion formed - +2
Group 7
Type of element - non-metal
Reactivity - very reactive
Electron structures - Ends in 7
Ion formed: -1
Group 0
Type of element - non-metal
Reactivity - unreactive
Electrons structure - full outer shell
Ion formed - doesn’t form an ion
